{"id":127074,"date":"2016-09-23T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2016-09-22T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tvaryny.com\/?p=127074"},"modified":"2026-08-06T11:18:27","modified_gmt":"2026-08-06T08:18:27","slug":"himalayan-sheepdog","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tvaryny.com\/ro\/breed-himalayan-shepherd-dog","title":{"rendered":"Ciob\u0103nesc Himalayan (Bhotia)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Ciob\u0103nescul himalayan<\/strong> \u2014 cunoscut acas\u0103 la el sub numele de <em>bhotia<\/em>, <em>bhote kukur<\/em> sau <em>gaddi<\/em> \u2014 este unul dintre acei c\u00e2ini despre care se scrie mult \u0219i se \u0219tie surprinz\u0103tor de pu\u021bin. Nu are standard interna\u021bional, nu are carte de origini, nu are num\u0103r \u00een nomenclatorul niciunei federa\u021bii mari. Are, \u00een schimb, c\u00e2teva sute de ani de munc\u0103 adev\u0103rat\u0103 pe p\u0103\u0219unile alpine dintre 2.000 \u0219i 4.000 de metri, acolo unde gre\u0219eala unui c\u00e2ine de paz\u0103 se pl\u0103te\u0219te cu oi moarte. Pentru cititorul rom\u00e2n rasa asta nu e chiar at\u00e2t de exotic\u0103 pe c\u00e2t pare: e, \u00een fond, un c\u00e2ine de st\u00e2n\u0103 de pe al\u021bi mun\u021bi. Afl\u0103 mai multe detalii pe <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/tvaryny.com\/ro\">Tvaryny<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ciob\u0103nescul himalayan: fi\u0219a rasei pe scurt<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"520\" height=\"509\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/36b5460b32cfca4062a6e94356dfda42.jpg\" alt=\"Ciob\u0103nesc himalayan (bhotia)\" class=\"wp-image-126962\" style=\"width:364px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/36b5460b32cfca4062a6e94356dfda42.jpg 520w, https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/36b5460b32cfca4062a6e94356dfda42-300x294.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 520px) 100vw, 520px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u021aara de origine<\/strong><\/td><td>India, Nepal (regiunea himalayan\u0103)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>M\u0103rime<\/strong><\/td><td>Mare (aproximativ 60\u201375 cm la greab\u0103n)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Greutate<\/strong><\/td><td>35\u201345 kg, cu varia\u021bii mari \u00eentre popula\u021bii<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Tipul bl\u0103nii<\/strong><\/td><td>Dubl\u0103, lung\u0103, aspr\u0103, cu subp\u0103r foarte dens<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Utilizare istoric\u0103<\/strong><\/td><td>Paza turmelor \u0219i a taberelor de var\u0103<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Condi\u021bii de trai<\/strong><\/td><td>Doar cas\u0103 cu curte \u00eemprejmuit\u0103 serios<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Speran\u021ba de via\u021b\u0103<\/strong><\/td><td>10\u201312 ani (unele surse indic\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 13)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Statut chinologic<\/strong><\/td><td>Nerecunoscut de FCI, AKC, UKC sau The Kennel Club<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">O ras\u0103 sau patru? Desc\u00e2lcim numele<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prima dificultate apare \u00eenainte de a discuta despre c\u00e2ine: nu e limpede despre <em>care<\/em> c\u00e2ine vorbim. \u00cen literatura de limb\u0103 englez\u0103 circul\u0103 denumirea-umbrel\u0103 <strong>Himalayan Sheepdog<\/strong>, dar pe teren, \u00een sate, oamenii folosesc alte cuvinte, iar acestea nu se suprapun perfect.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Bhotia, bhutia, bhote kukur.<\/strong> Numele curent \u00een Uttarakhand \u0219i \u00een Nepal. R\u0103d\u0103cina \u201ebhot\u201d trimite la Tibet, adic\u0103 la direc\u021bia din care au venit, \u00een percep\u021bia localnicilor, c\u00e2inii ace\u0219tia mari.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gaddi kutta.<\/strong> C\u00e2inele tribului gaddi din Himachal Pradesh, de pe versan\u021bii masivului Dhauladhar. Tot el poart\u0103 poreclele \u201egaddi leopardhund\u201d sau \u201eindian panther hound\u201d, datorate reputa\u021biei de a \u021bine piept felinelor mari.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bangara.<\/strong> Nume folosit \u00een zona Tehri-Garhwal; o parte dintre surse \u00eel trateaz\u0103 ca pe un tip aparte, mai greu \u0219i mai masiv.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pahadi kutta.<\/strong> Literal, \u201ec\u00e2inele de munte\u201d \u2014 o formul\u0103 generic\u0103, nu un nume de ras\u0103.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Himalayan Mastiff.<\/strong> Denumire comercial\u0103, ap\u0103rut\u0103 \u00een anun\u021buri \u0219i \u00een articolele de popularizare. Nu are acoperire chinologic\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Enciclopediile le trateaz\u0103, \u00een general, ca sinonime. Cresc\u0103torii \u0219i ciobanii locali nu sunt de acord: pentru ei, gaddi \u0219i bhotia sunt doi c\u00e2ini diferi\u021bi, iar diferen\u021ba se vede la g\u00e2t \u0219i la umeri \u2014 gaddi are g\u00e2tul vizibil mai masiv, arcuit, \u0219i o coam\u0103 de leu pe care bhotia din Uttarakhand n-o are \u00eentotdeauna. Cine pretinde c\u0103 are r\u0103spunsul definitiv la \u00eentrebarea \u201eo ras\u0103 sau mai multe?\u201d vinde, cel mai probabil, ceva. Onest este s\u0103 spunem: sub aceea\u0219i umbrel\u0103 stau mai multe popula\u021bii locale \u00eenrudite, iar grani\u021bele dintre ele nu au fost trasate niciodat\u0103 de cineva cu autoritate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Recunoa\u0219terea: de ce rasa nu apare \u00een nomenclatorul FCI<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aici trebuie spus limpede, f\u0103r\u0103 menajamente \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 speran\u021be de\u0219arte: <strong>ciob\u0103nescul himalayan nu este recunoscut de F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Cynologique Internationale<\/strong>. Nu are num\u0103r de standard, nu are grup\u0103, nu are sec\u021biune. Nu figureaz\u0103 nici \u00een registrele American Kennel Club, United Kennel Club sau The Kennel Club din Marea Britanie. Nu e o sc\u0103pare a cuiva \u0219i nici o etap\u0103 intermediar\u0103 dintr-un dosar \u00een curs \u2014 este pur \u0219i simplu statutul rasei la ora actual\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Motivul e structural. Pentru recunoa\u0219tere e nevoie de un stat-membru care s\u0103 depun\u0103 dosarul, de un standard scris, de o carte de origini \u021binut\u0103 ordonat pe mai multe genera\u021bii \u0219i de o popula\u021bie numeroas\u0103 \u0219i uniform\u0103. C\u00e2inii din Himalaya nu au avut niciodat\u0103 a\u0219a ceva: selec\u021bia lor a fost f\u0103cut\u0103 de lupi, de leoparzi, de altitudine \u0219i de bugetul alimentar al unui cioban \u2014 nu de un comitet. Rezultatul e un <em>landrace<\/em>: o popula\u021bie format\u0103 natural, adaptat\u0103 perfect la un loc, dar f\u0103r\u0103 acte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Consecin\u021ba practic\u0103 pentru un cump\u0103r\u0103tor european este direct\u0103: orice \u201epedigree interna\u021bional\u201d oferit pentru un ciob\u0103nesc himalayan este, \u00een cel mai bun caz, h\u00e2rtia unui registru privat f\u0103r\u0103 leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu FCI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ianuarie 2025: ce a \u00eenregistrat, de fapt, ICAR-NBAGR<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La \u00eenceputul lunii ianuarie 2025 (data exact\u0103 difer\u0103 de la o surs\u0103 la alta), Biroul Na\u021bional pentru Resurse Genetice Animale din India \u2014 ICAR-NBAGR, cu sediul la Karnal \u2014 a \u00eenregistrat c\u00e2inele <strong>gaddi<\/strong> ca ras\u0103 autohton\u0103 indian\u0103. Vestea a circulat mult \u0219i a fost, aproape peste tot, prost \u00een\u021beleas\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">NBAGR este un registru de <strong>resurse genetice agricole<\/strong>. \u00cen acelea\u0219i liste stau rase de vaci, bivoli, capre \u0219i oi. \u00cenregistrarea confirm\u0103 c\u0103 popula\u021bia canin\u0103 respectiv\u0103 este distinct\u0103, autohton\u0103 \u0219i demn\u0103 de conservat ca patrimoniu biologic al Indiei. Ce <em>nu<\/em> face: nu creeaz\u0103 un standard chinologic, nu deschide o carte de origini, nu d\u0103 drept de participare \u00een expozi\u021bii \u0219i nu produce niciun pedigree. Un act de conservare, nu un act de ras\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gaddi este a patra ras\u0103 canin\u0103 intrat\u0103 \u00een acest registru \u0219i prima din arcul himalayan; \u00eenaintea ei fuseser\u0103 \u00eenscrise rajapalayam \u0219i chippiparai din Tamil Nadu \u0219i mudhol hound din Karnataka. La baza dosarului st\u0103 munca de caracterizare fenotipic\u0103 \u0219i molecular\u0103 derulat\u0103 din 2019 la colegiul veterinar din Palampur (Himachal Pradesh), ale c\u0103rei date au fost transmise c\u0103tre NBAGR \u00een 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen Nepal, situa\u021bia e \u0219i mai fluid\u0103: \u00een 2025, o structur\u0103 care se prezint\u0103 drept \u201eInternational Kennel Club\u201d a anun\u021bat recunoa\u0219terea c\u00e2inelui bhote kukur, iar un club local lucreaz\u0103 la redactarea unui standard. Informa\u021bia merit\u0103 men\u021bionat\u0103, dar cu o rezerv\u0103 ap\u0103sat\u0103 \u2014 nu vorbim despre o federa\u021bie de referin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i nici despre ceva ce ar avea vreo greutate la un birou din Europa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Istoria originii: de la caravanele tibetane la st\u00e2nele de azi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u0103d\u0103cinile c\u00e2inelui se pierd \u00een vechimea molosoizilor asiatici, iar zona de formare e una dintre cele mai izolate de pe glob: versan\u021bii sudici ai Himalayei, statele indiene Uttarakhand \u0219i Himachal Pradesh, colinele Nepalului. Triburile de p\u0103stori \u2014 gaddi, bhotia, gujjar-bakarwal ceva mai la nord \u2014 foloseau ace\u0219ti c\u00e2ini pentru a ap\u0103ra oile \u0219i caprele de pr\u0103d\u0103tori \u0219i pentru a p\u0103zi taberele de var\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Genetic, c\u00e2inele este apropiat de o rud\u0103 mult mai celebr\u0103. Mul\u021bi \u00eei confund\u0103, dar dac\u0103 impun\u0103torul <a href=\"https:\/\/tvaryny.com\/ro\/breed-tibetan-mastiff\">Mastiff Tibetan<\/a> este categoria grea a lumii canine, ciob\u0103nescul himalayan este varianta mai u\u0219oar\u0103, mai agil\u0103, mai atletic\u0103 \u2014 un c\u00e2ine care trebuie s\u0103 urce zilnic pante pe care un molos de expozi\u021bie ar r\u0103m\u00e2ne f\u0103r\u0103 suflu. Istoric, ace\u0219ti c\u00e2ini n-au fost supu\u0219i unei selec\u021bii \u00een sensul modern al cuv\u00e2ntului: \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219area \u0219i caracterul lor au fost modelate de selec\u021bia natural\u0103 \u0219i de nevoia strict\u0103 de supravie\u021buire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Neamul \u00een\u0103l\u021bimilor: mastiful, lupul \u0219i gena EPAS1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Una dintre cele mai frumoase pove\u0219ti din genetica canin\u0103 recent\u0103 prive\u0219te adaptarea la altitudine. La c\u00e2inii de pe platoul tibetan au fost identificate variante ale genei <strong>EPAS1<\/strong> \u2014 implicat\u0103 \u00een r\u0103spunsul organismului la oxigenul pu\u021bin \u2014 care nu au ap\u0103rut prin muta\u021bie proprie, ci au fost preluate prin <em>introgresiune<\/em> de la lupul cenu\u0219iu tibetan, cu o vechime estimat\u0103 la circa 24.000 de ani. Separat, cercet\u0103torii au descris \u0219i o adaptare a hemoglobinei, ap\u0103rut\u0103 prin conversie genic\u0103 \u0219i introgresiune.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O precizare obligatorie, pe care multe articole o sar: aceste studii au fost f\u0103cute pe mastiful tibetan \u0219i pe c\u00e2inii platoului tibetan. Ciob\u0103nescul himalayan nu figureaz\u0103 separat \u00een ele. Este perfect rezonabil s\u0103 presupunem c\u0103 un c\u00e2ine care lucreaz\u0103 de genera\u021bii la 3.000\u20134.000 de metri \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219e\u0219te o parte din aceste solu\u021bii biologice \u2014 dar r\u0103m\u00e2ne o presupunere \u00eentemeiat\u0103, nu un fapt demonstrat despre aceast\u0103 popula\u021bie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Aspectul exterior: \u201estandardele\u201d unei rase f\u0103r\u0103 standard<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/5577530_orig-1024x640.avif\" alt=\"Ciob\u0103nesc himalayan \u2014 aspectul exterior \u0219i tipul de blan\u0103\" class=\"wp-image-126931\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/5577530_orig-1024x640.avif 1024w, https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/5577530_orig-300x187.avif 300w, https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/5577530_orig-768x480.avif 768w, https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/5577530_orig-860x537.avif 860w, https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/5577530_orig.avif 1100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">F\u0103r\u0103 un standard oficial, tot ce urmeaz\u0103 e o descriere a ceea ce se vede pe teren, nu o list\u0103 de cerin\u021be. Ciob\u0103nescul himalayan e un c\u00e2ine mare, robust, cu osatur\u0103 puternic\u0103 \u0219i musculatur\u0103 uscat\u0103, de animal care merge mult. Capul e masiv \u0219i lat, cu f\u0103lci puternice; urechile sunt l\u0103sate, triunghiulare, ridic\u00e2ndu-se u\u0219or de la baz\u0103 c\u00e2nd c\u00e2inele e \u00een alert\u0103; ochii, ad\u00e2nci\u021bi \u00een orbite \u0219i \u00eenchi\u0219i la culoare, au o privire atent\u0103 \u0219i c\u00e2nt\u0103ritoare. Coada e stufoas\u0103, purtat\u0103 adesea r\u0103sucit\u0103 peste spate \u2014 semn comun multor rase montane.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Blana este dubl\u0103, cu un subp\u0103r at\u00e2t de dens \u00eenc\u00e2t m\u00e2na nu ajunge la piele f\u0103r\u0103 efort. Culorile care domin\u0103 sunt negrul \u0219i negrul cu foc, cu pete albe pe piept, pe labe \u0219i \u00een v\u00e2rful cozii; se \u00eent\u00e2lnesc \u0219i exemplare mai deschise, aurii sau cenu\u0219ii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Parametru<\/th><th>Caracteristic\u0103<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u00cen\u0103l\u021bime la greab\u0103n<\/strong><\/td><td>Masculi: aproximativ 65\u201375 cm; femele: 60\u201370 cm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Greutate<\/strong><\/td><td>35\u201345 kg, cu diferen\u021be mari \u00eentre regiuni<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Tipul bl\u0103nii<\/strong><\/td><td>Lung\u0103, aspr\u0103, cu subp\u0103r foarte dens<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Culoare<\/strong><\/td><td>Negru \u0219i negru cu foc (dominante), auriu, cenu\u0219iu, crem<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Tr\u0103s\u0103turi marcante<\/strong><\/td><td>G\u00e2t gros, arcuit; coam\u0103 la masculii adul\u021bi; urechi l\u0103sate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Speran\u021ba de via\u021b\u0103<\/strong><\/td><td>10\u201312 ani<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e2t de mare e, de fapt? Sursele nu se pun de acord<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e2nd o ras\u0103 nu are standard, nu are nici cifre stabile. Tabelul de mai jos pune fa\u021b\u0103 \u00een fa\u021b\u0103 ce spun diferitele categorii de surse. Diferen\u021bele nu sunt erori: ele reflect\u0103 faptul c\u0103 sub aceea\u0219i denumire intr\u0103 popula\u021bii locale diferite, m\u0103surate de oameni diferi\u021bi, cu metode diferite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Surs\u0103 \/ popula\u021bie<\/th><th>\u00cen\u0103l\u021bime la greab\u0103n<\/th><th>Greutate<\/th><th>Longevitate<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Enciclopedii generale (Himalayan Sheepdog)<\/td><td>51\u201375 cm, exemplare p\u00e2n\u0103 la 76 cm<\/td><td>23\u201341 kg<\/td><td>nespecificat\u0103<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Gaddi (Himachal Pradesh), descrieri de teren<\/td><td>masculi 65\u201375 cm, femele 60\u201370 cm<\/td><td>masculi ~39 kg, femele ~33 kg<\/td><td>10\u201312 ani<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Gaddi, raport\u0103ri indiene \u0219tiin\u021bifice \u0219i oficiale<\/td><td>\u201etalie medie, musculatur\u0103 solid\u0103\u201d<\/td><td>40\u201345 kg<\/td><td>nespecificat\u0103<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bhote kukur (Nepal), descrieri locale<\/td><td>nespecificat\u0103<\/td><td>masculi 30\u201345 kg, femele mai u\u0219oare<\/td><td>10\u201312 ani<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bakharwal (Jammu \u0219i Kashmir), pentru compara\u021bie<\/td><td>61\u201376 cm<\/td><td>vizibil mai greu dec\u00e2t gaddi<\/td><td>nespecificat\u0103<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Concluzia realist\u0103: un adult tipic are \u00eentre 60 \u0219i 75 cm la greab\u0103n \u0219i 35\u201345 kg. Dac\u0103 cineva v\u0103 arat\u0103 un \u201eciob\u0103nesc himalayan de 70 de kilograme\u201d, ave\u021bi \u00een fa\u021b\u0103 fie un mastiff tibetan, fie o corcitur\u0103 cu unul. Talia asta nu exist\u0103 \u00een Himalaya, unde un c\u00e2ine prea greu nu urc\u0103 \u0219i nu se hr\u0103ne\u0219te singur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">G\u00e2t-armur\u0103, coam\u0103 \u0219i \u201eochii fal\u0219i\u201d: anatomia ca instruc\u021biune de lupt\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Corpul acestui c\u00e2ine se cite\u0219te ca o fi\u0219\u0103 tehnic\u0103 a meseriei lui. Nimic din el nu e ornament.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>G\u00e2tul gros \u0219i arcuit<\/strong> este cea mai important\u0103 pies\u0103. Felinele mari ucid prin priz\u0103 la g\u00e2t; un g\u00e2t masiv, acoperit cu p\u0103r des, transform\u0103 acea priz\u0103 \u00eentr-o gur\u0103 plin\u0103 de blan\u0103.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Coama<\/strong> masculilor adul\u021bi are dubl\u0103 func\u021bie: protec\u021bie mecanic\u0103 \u0219i m\u0103rire vizual\u0103 a siluetei. Un c\u00e2ine care pare mai mare are \u0219anse s\u0103 \u00eencheie conflictul \u00eenainte de a-l \u00eencepe.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Blana dubl\u0103<\/strong> \u021bine de izola\u021bie \u00een ambele sensuri \u2014 \u0219i contra gerului nop\u021bii la 3.500 m, \u0219i contra soarelui necru\u021b\u0103tor de la altitudine.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Urechile l\u0103sate<\/strong> reduc suprafa\u021ba expus\u0103 \u00een lupt\u0103. Pre\u021bul pl\u0103tit: ventila\u021bie slab\u0103 \u0219i predispozi\u021bie la otite.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>L\u0103tratul grav \u0219i puternic<\/strong> este o arm\u0103 la distan\u021b\u0103. Un c\u00e2ine de paz\u0103 bun rezolv\u0103 majoritatea situa\u021biilor cu vocea, nu cu din\u021bii.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e2t despre \u201eochii fal\u0219i\u201d \u2014 petele deschise de deasupra ochilor, frecvente la exemplarele negre cu foc, despre care se spune c\u0103 i-ar permite c\u00e2inelui s\u0103 vad\u0103 \u0219i c\u00e2nd doarme: este folclor local, \u0219i a\u0219a merit\u0103 prezentat. Frumos, dar nu explicativ.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e2ine de paz\u0103 a turmei, nu c\u00e2ine de m\u00e2nat: diferen\u021ba de fond<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aici se face cea mai frecvent\u0103 gre\u0219eal\u0103, iar limba rom\u00e2n\u0103 o favorizeaz\u0103: spunem \u201ec\u00e2ine ciob\u0103nesc\u201d \u0219i pentru border collie, \u0219i pentru dul\u0103ul de la st\u00e2n\u0103, de\u0219i cei doi fac meserii opuse. La st\u00e2n\u0103, distinc\u021bia e clar\u0103 pentru oricine a stat acolo o s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103: una e <em>a pa\u0219te<\/em> oile, alta e <em>a p\u0103zi<\/em> turma. Ciob\u0103nescul himalayan face exclusiv al doilea lucru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Tr\u0103s\u0103tur\u0103<\/th><th>C\u00e2ine de m\u00e2nat (herding)<\/th><th>C\u00e2ine de paz\u0103 a turmei (guardian)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Ce face<\/td><td>mi\u0219c\u0103 turma, o adun\u0103, o desparte, o direc\u021bioneaz\u0103<\/td><td>tr\u0103ie\u0219te \u00een interiorul turmei \u0219i respinge amenin\u021barea<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pe ce se bazeaz\u0103<\/td><td>tipar de v\u00e2n\u0103toare redirec\u021bionat (p\u00e2nd\u0103, privire, \u021b\u00e2\u0219nire \u2014 f\u0103r\u0103 mu\u0219c\u0103tur\u0103)<\/td><td>instinct de ap\u0103rare; nu are impuls de v\u00e2n\u0103toare asupra animalelor<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cine conduce<\/td><td>lucreaz\u0103 la comand\u0103, prinde fiecare semnal al omului<\/td><td>lucreaz\u0103 autonom, decide singur<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cum se formeaz\u0103<\/td><td>dresaj, exersarea comenzilor<\/td><td>socializare timpurie cu oile, de pe la 8 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Atitudinea fa\u021b\u0103 de str\u0103ini<\/td><td>\u00een general neutr\u0103<\/td><td>suspiciune implicit\u0103<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>V\u00e2rful de activitate<\/td><td>ziua, c\u00e2t lucreaz\u0103 ciobanul<\/td><td>noaptea, c\u00e2nd vin pr\u0103d\u0103torii<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Exemple tipice<\/td><td>border collie, ciob\u0103nesc german, kelpie<\/td><td>ciob\u0103nesc himalayan, mioritic, carpatin, caucazian, kangal<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O rezerv\u0103 cinstit\u0103: \u00een Himalaya separarea rolurilor nu e chiar at\u00e2t de curat\u0103. O parte dintre descrieri arat\u0103 c\u0103 ace\u0219ti c\u00e2ini sunt folosi\u021bi \u0219i la m\u00e2natul turmei pe potec\u0103, \u0219i chiar la v\u00e2n\u0103toare ocazional\u0103. Sistemul de acolo e mai s\u0103rac \u00een c\u00e2ini dec\u00e2t cel european \u0219i fiecare animal face ce trebuie f\u0103cut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Anul de lucru: urcatul la munte, leopardul z\u0103pezilor \u0219i straja de noapte<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Via\u021ba c\u00e2inelui urmeaz\u0103 calendarul transhuman\u021bei, iar acesta seam\u0103n\u0103 izbitor cu cel al ciobanilor no\u0219tri. Iarna, turmele stau \u00een dealurile joase ale lan\u021bului Shivalik, prin districtele Kangra, Mandi sau Hamirpur. \u00cen aprilie\u2013mai \u00eencepe urcu\u0219ul peste trec\u0103torile masivelor Dhauladhar \u0219i Pir Panjal, vara se petrece pe p\u0103\u0219unile alpine, unde nop\u021bile sunt reci \u0219i \u00een iulie, iar toamna se coboar\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lista adversarilor e scurt\u0103 \u0219i serioas\u0103: leopardul z\u0103pezilor, lupul himalayan, ursul negru asiatic, iar mai jos leopardul comun. Munca propriu-zis\u0103 se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 noaptea, c\u00e2nd oamenii dorm, iar c\u00e2inele patruleaz\u0103 marginea t\u00e2rlei improvizate. Nimeni nu-i d\u0103 comenzi \u0219i nimeni nu-l supravegheaz\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un studiu din 2025 despre metodele neletale de descurajare a pr\u0103d\u0103torilor din Himalaya de nord-vest a ajuns la o concluzie care merit\u0103 re\u021binut\u0103: prezen\u021ba c\u00e2inilor gaddi s-a dovedit cea mai eficient\u0103 strategie neletal\u0103 de protejare a animalelor domestice. Efectul secundar e cel important \u2014 mai pu\u021bine atacuri reu\u0219ite \u00eenseamn\u0103 mai pu\u021bine represalii ale oamenilor, deci un beneficiu indirect pentru leopardul z\u0103pezilor \u00eensu\u0219i. C\u00e2inele de paz\u0103 bun nu omoar\u0103 pr\u0103d\u0103torul: \u00eel convinge s\u0103 caute \u00een alt\u0103 parte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Caracter \u0219i temperament: un r\u0103zboinic cu suflet de filozof<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"696\" height=\"411\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/the_tibetan_mastiff_at_our_hostel-696x411-1.avif\" alt=\"Ciob\u0103nesc himalayan \u2014 caracter \u0219i temperament\" class=\"wp-image-127007\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/the_tibetan_mastiff_at_our_hostel-696x411-1.avif 696w, https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/the_tibetan_mastiff_at_our_hostel-696x411-1-300x177.avif 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 696px) 100vw, 696px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dac\u0103 v\u0103 dori\u021bi un c\u00e2ine care s\u0103 v\u0103 aduc\u0103 papucii \u0219i s\u0103 se bucure de fiecare trec\u0103tor, ciob\u0103nescul himalayan nu este pentru dumneavoastr\u0103. Este un paznic serios, cu instinct teritorial puternic, care s-a format \u00eentr-un mediu unde prietenia cu necunoscu\u021bii nu aducea niciun avantaj.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Independen\u021b\u0103.<\/strong> Rasa e obi\u0219nuit\u0103 s\u0103 decid\u0103 singur\u0103. La munte, departe de om, c\u00e2inele hot\u0103ra pe cont propriu ce face la \u00eent\u00e2lnirea cu pr\u0103d\u0103torul. Un c\u00e2ine \u201ecu cap pe umeri\u201d, cum se spune \u2014 \u0219i cu toate consecin\u021bele care decurg de aici.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Devotament fa\u021b\u0103 de ai lui.<\/strong> Fa\u021b\u0103 de familia proprietarului manifest\u0103 bl\u00e2nde\u021be \u0219i o grij\u0103 aproape ostentativ\u0103. \u00ce\u0219i ap\u0103r\u0103 oamenii f\u0103r\u0103 calcul.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ne\u00eencredere fa\u021b\u0103 de str\u0103ini.<\/strong> Intrusul e amenin\u021bare p\u00e2n\u0103 la proba contrarie. Socializarea corect\u0103 face ca reac\u021bia s\u0103 fie propor\u021bional\u0103, nu o desfiin\u021beaz\u0103.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Prag de reac\u021bie ridicat, dar decizie rapid\u0103.<\/strong> Nu e un c\u00e2ine nervos; e un c\u00e2ine care evalueaz\u0103 lung \u0219i ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 scurt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen lumea canidelor exist\u0103 strategii de supravie\u021buire foarte diferite. <a href=\"https:\/\/tvaryny.com\/ro\/breed-african-wild-dog-painted-dog\">C\u00e2inele s\u0103lbatic african (c\u00e2inele-hien\u0103)<\/a>, de pild\u0103, se bazeaz\u0103 pe hait\u0103 \u0219i pe v\u00e2n\u0103toarea colectiv\u0103 \u00een spa\u021bii deschise, cu o comunicare social\u0103 extrem de rafinat\u0103. Ciob\u0103nescul himalayan e opusul: paznic solitar sau lucr\u00e2nd \u00een pereche, care mizeaz\u0103 pe mas\u0103 corporal\u0103, pozi\u021bie \u0219i intimidare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ciob\u0103ne\u0219tii Rom\u00e2niei \u0219i rudele asiatice: unde se a\u0219az\u0103 bhotia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pentru un cititor rom\u00e2n, ciob\u0103nescul himalayan nu este o curiozitate exotic\u0103, ci un coleg de breasl\u0103. Rom\u00e2nia are <strong>patru rase proprii de c\u00e2ini ciob\u0103ne\u0219ti recunoscute de FCI<\/strong> \u2014 un lucru rar \u00een Europa \u2014 \u0219i toate patru fac, \u00een esen\u021b\u0103, aceea\u0219i meserie: ap\u0103r\u0103 turma de lup \u0219i de urs, pe munte, noaptea, f\u0103r\u0103 supraveghere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ciob\u0103nescul rom\u00e2nesc mioritic<\/strong> \u2014 standard FCI nr. 349, grupa 1 (c\u00e2ini ciob\u0103ne\u0219ti \u0219i de ciread\u0103), sec\u021biunea 1, f\u0103r\u0103 prob\u0103 de lucru.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ciob\u0103nescul rom\u00e2nesc carpatin<\/strong> \u2014 standard FCI nr. 350, grupa 1, sec\u021biunea 1, f\u0103r\u0103 prob\u0103 de lucru.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ciob\u0103nescul rom\u00e2nesc de Bucovina<\/strong> \u2014 standard FCI nr. 357, grupa 2, sec\u021biunea 2.2 (molosoizi de tip montan), f\u0103r\u0103 prob\u0103 de lucru.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ciob\u0103nescul rom\u00e2nesc corb<\/strong> \u2014 cel mai nou dintre ele, standard FCI nr. 373, grupa 2, sec\u021biunea 2.2, cu standardul oficial publicat \u00een septembrie 2024.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Diferen\u021ba dintre ei \u0219i bhotia nu st\u0103 \u00een munc\u0103, ci \u00een birocra\u021bie. \u00cen spatele mioriticului stau Asocia\u021bia Chinologic\u0103 Rom\u00e2n\u0103 \u2014 singura structur\u0103 din Rom\u00e2nia membr\u0103 FCI \u2014 un standard scris, o carte de origini, expozi\u021bii, judec\u0103tori, cresc\u0103tori care se cunosc \u00eentre ei. \u00cen spatele ciob\u0103nescului himalayan nu st\u0103 nimeni. Aceea\u0219i meserie, dou\u0103 destine administrative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Ras\u0103<\/th><th>Regiune<\/th><th>Statut de recunoa\u0219tere<\/th><th>Talie (mascul)<\/th><th>Ce o deosebe\u0219te<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Ciob\u0103nesc himalayan (bhotia)<\/td><td>Himalaya: Uttarakhand, Nepal<\/td><td>nerecunoscut de nicio federa\u021bie mare<\/td><td>aprox. 60\u201375 cm<\/td><td>mai u\u0219or \u0219i mai mobil dec\u00e2t mastiful; pe alocuri ajut\u0103 \u0219i la m\u00e2nat<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Gaddi (gaddi kutta)<\/td><td>Himachal Pradesh, masivul Dhauladhar<\/td><td>\u00eenregistrat de ICAR-NBAGR (India, 2025) ca resurs\u0103 genetic\u0103<\/td><td>65\u201375 cm, ~39\u201345 kg<\/td><td>g\u00e2t-armur\u0103 arcuit \u0219i coam\u0103 de leu; reputa\u021bie \u00een fa\u021ba leopardului<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mastiff tibetan (do-khyi)<\/td><td>Platoul tibetan<\/td><td>FCI nr. 230, grupa 2<\/td><td>vizibil mai greu \u0219i mai masiv<\/td><td>paza m\u0103n\u0103stirilor \u0219i a gospod\u0103riilor; modelat de expozi\u021bii \u00een ultimele decenii<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ciob\u0103nesc rom\u00e2nesc mioritic<\/td><td>Carpa\u021bi<\/td><td>FCI nr. 349, grupa 1, sec\u021biunea 1<\/td><td>de la 70 cm \u00een sus<\/td><td>blan\u0103 lung\u0103, alb\u0103-cenu\u0219ie; c\u00e2ine de st\u00e2n\u0103 devenit \u0219i companion<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ciob\u0103nesc rom\u00e2nesc carpatin<\/td><td>Carpa\u021bi<\/td><td>FCI nr. 350, grupa 1, sec\u021biunea 1<\/td><td>de la 65 cm \u00een sus<\/td><td>tip lupoid, mobil, mare m\u00e2nc\u0103tor de teren<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ciob\u0103nesc rom\u00e2nesc de Bucovina<\/td><td>Nord-estul Carpa\u021bilor<\/td><td>FCI nr. 357, grupa 2, sec\u021biunea 2.2<\/td><td>de la 68 cm \u00een sus<\/td><td>molosoid montan, cu l\u0103trat foarte grav<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ciob\u0103nesc rom\u00e2nesc corb<\/td><td>Carpa\u021bii Meridionali, zona subcarpatic\u0103<\/td><td>FCI nr. 373, grupa 2, sec\u021biunea 2.2<\/td><td>talie mare<\/td><td>blan\u0103 predominant neagr\u0103, de unde \u0219i numele<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ciob\u0103nesc caucazian<\/td><td>Caucaz<\/td><td>FCI nr. 328, grupa 2<\/td><td>foarte masiv<\/td><td>analogul func\u021bional cel mai cunoscut la noi<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ciob\u0103nesc de Asia Central\u0103<\/td><td>Asia Central\u0103<\/td><td>FCI nr. 335, grupa 2 (recunoscut definitiv \u00een 1989)<\/td><td>masiv<\/td><td>tot un paznic de turm\u0103 de tip landrace, dar cu sistem \u00een spate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bakharwal<\/td><td>Jammu \u0219i Kashmir, Pir Panjal<\/td><td>nerecunoscut<\/td><td>61\u201376 cm<\/td><td>c\u00e2inele nomazilor gujjar-bakarwal; diet\u0103 tradi\u021bional aproape f\u0103r\u0103 carne<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vocabularul st\u00e2nei: dul\u0103u, z\u0103vod, baci \u2014 de ce conteaz\u0103 cuvintele<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rom\u00e2na are, pentru acest tip de c\u00e2ine, un cuv\u00e2nt mai vechi \u0219i mai exact dec\u00e2t \u201eciob\u0103nesc\u201d: <strong>dul\u0103u<\/strong>. Un dul\u0103u nu e un c\u00e2ine de agrement m\u0103rit; e c\u00e2inele gros, greu, de la st\u00e2n\u0103, cel care doarme l\u00e2ng\u0103 t\u00e2rl\u0103 \u0219i se ridic\u0103 la trosnetul unei crengi. Exist\u0103 \u0219i <em>z\u0103vod<\/em>, azi aproape ie\u0219it din uz. Iar ierarhia omeneasc\u0103 a locului \u2014 <em>baciul<\/em>, <em>ciobanii<\/em>, <em>st\u00e2na<\/em>, <em>t\u00e2rla<\/em>, <em>s\u00e2mbra<\/em> \u2014 descrie exact acela\u0219i sistem \u00een care lucreaz\u0103 \u0219i bhotia, doar c\u0103 la 6.000 de kilometri distan\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Merit\u0103 spus \u0219i c\u0103 \u00eensu\u0219i numele \u201emioritic\u201d vine din balada <em>Miori\u021ba<\/em>, textul fondator al pastoralismului rom\u00e2nesc, iar filozoful Lucian Blaga a construit pe el conceptul de \u201espa\u021biu mioritic\u201d. Pu\u021bine culturi europene \u0219i-au a\u0219ezat c\u00e2inele de st\u00e2n\u0103 at\u00e2t de ad\u00e2nc \u00een propria literatur\u0103. Transhuman\u021ba rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 a fost, de altfel, inclus\u0103 \u00een 2023 \u00een patrimoniul cultural imaterial UNESCO; M\u0103rginimea Sibiului, cu cele 16 sate ale ei, r\u0103m\u00e2ne cel mai cunoscut centru al acestei practici.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Particularit\u0103\u021bi de \u00eentre\u021binere \u0219i \u00eengrijire<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1012\" height=\"681\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/6fe23218-5059-4f43-a675-f8d277b0514e_hmd2.avif\" alt=\"Ciob\u0103nesc himalayan \u2014 \u00eentre\u021binere \u0219i \u00eengrijire\" class=\"wp-image-126916\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/6fe23218-5059-4f43-a675-f8d277b0514e_hmd2.avif 1012w, https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/6fe23218-5059-4f43-a675-f8d277b0514e_hmd2-300x202.avif 300w, https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/6fe23218-5059-4f43-a675-f8d277b0514e_hmd2-768x517.avif 768w, https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/6fe23218-5059-4f43-a675-f8d277b0514e_hmd2-860x579.avif 860w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1012px) 100vw, 1012px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rasa este absolut nepotrivit\u0103 pentru apartament. Are nevoie de spa\u021biu, de aer \u0219i de posibilitatea de a-\u0219i patrula teritoriul. Varianta corect\u0103 este casa cu curte mare, \u00eemprejmuit\u0103 serios: gard de cel pu\u021bin doi metri, plin (nu plas\u0103 de s\u00e2rm\u0103, prin care c\u00e2inele vede \u0219i se enerveaz\u0103), cu funda\u021bie \u00eengropat\u0103, fiindc\u0103 un paznic plictisit sap\u0103 metodic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-heading wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u00cengrijirea bl\u0103nii<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Blana dubl\u0103 \u0219i deas\u0103 cere periere regulat\u0103, mai ales \u00een perioadele de n\u0103p\u00e2rlire, prim\u0103vara \u0219i toamna. Ignorat\u0103, formeaz\u0103 c\u00e2l\u021bi care nu doar stric\u0103 aspectul, ci \u021bin umezeala la piele \u0219i preg\u0103tesc probleme dermatologice. Nu tunde\u021bi niciodat\u0103 un astfel de c\u00e2ine \u201eca s\u0103-i fie mai r\u0103coare\u201d \u2014 subp\u0103rul tuns nu mai izoleaz\u0103 nici de frig, nici de c\u0103ldur\u0103, iar pielea r\u0103m\u00e2ne expus\u0103 la soare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Procedur\u0103<\/th><th>Frecven\u021b\u0103<\/th><th>Observa\u021bii<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Periere<\/td><td>de 1\u20132 ori pe s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103<\/td><td>\u00een perioada de n\u0103p\u00e2rlire \u2014 zilnic, cu perie tip furminator<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00cemb\u0103iere<\/td><td>de 2\u20133 ori pe an<\/td><td>sp\u0103latul frecvent \u00eendep\u0103rteaz\u0103 stratul protector de gr\u0103sime<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Verificarea urechilor<\/td><td>s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2nal<\/td><td>urechile l\u0103sate re\u021bin umezeala<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>T\u0103ierea ghearelor<\/td><td>la nevoie<\/td><td>la un c\u00e2ine activ se tocesc singure<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Verificarea pielii sub blan\u0103<\/td><td>lunar<\/td><td>c\u0103pu\u0219e \u0219i zone de c\u00e2l\u021bi, mai ales la g\u00e2t \u0219i \u00een spatele urechilor<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-heading wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Efortul fizic<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nu este un sprinter, ci un maratonist. Plimb\u0103rile lungi pe teren accidentat \u00eei fac mult mai bine dec\u00e2t alergatul dup\u0103 minge, iar sporturile canine de vitez\u0103 nu-l intereseaz\u0103. Un c\u00e2ine de paz\u0103 nu are nevoie de agility; are nevoie de un obiect de responsabilitate \u2014 o curte, o gospod\u0103rie, o turm\u0103 \u2014 \u0219i de rondul lui zilnic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Clima: iarna rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 nu e problema, vara este<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aici se produce inversiunea pe care mul\u021bi cump\u0103r\u0103tori n-o anticipeaz\u0103. Un c\u00e2ine format la 3.000 de metri, unde vara temperatura zilei se \u00eenv\u00e2rte \u00een jurul a +15 \u00b0C, trateaz\u0103 iarna carpatic\u0103 drept vreme pl\u0103cut\u0103: gerul, viscolul \u0219i z\u0103pada \u00eei sunt condi\u021bii de lucru, nu \u00eencerc\u0103ri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vara rom\u00e2neasc\u0103, \u00een schimb, \u00eel poate ucide. Verile din B\u0103r\u0103gan, din Dobrogea sau din sudul Olteniei, cu +35\u2026+40 \u00b0C \u0219i nop\u021bi tropicale, sunt un mediu pentru care organismul lui nu are niciun r\u0103spuns. Regulile sunt simple \u0219i nenegociabile: umbr\u0103 permanent\u0103 \u0219i ap\u0103 rece \u00een curte, plimb\u0103ri doar diminea\u021ba devreme \u0219i seara t\u00e2rziu, zero efort \u00een orele de canicul\u0103, iar \u00een zilele cu avertizare de cod portocaliu sau ro\u0219u \u2014 repaus complet. Semnele insola\u021biei (respira\u021bie zgomotoas\u0103, gingii ro\u0219ii-\u00eenchise, saliv\u0103 groas\u0103, mers nesigur) trebuie s\u0103 trimit\u0103 c\u00e2inele la veterinar imediat, nu \u201edup\u0103 ce trece\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Un landrace de paz\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia: sincer despre ce v\u0103 asuma\u021bi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aceast\u0103 sec\u021biune e cea mai important\u0103 din tot articolul \u0219i e scris\u0103 anume f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eenflorituri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Teritorialitatea nu se opre\u0219te.<\/strong> Nu e un buton pe care socializarea \u00eel \u00eenchide. Poate fi gestionat\u0103, canalizat\u0103, f\u0103cut\u0103 previzibil\u0103 \u2014 dar r\u0103m\u00e2ne acolo toat\u0103 via\u021ba c\u00e2inelui.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ne\u00eencrederea \u00een str\u0103ini este norma rasei<\/strong>, nu un defect de cre\u0219tere. Nicio cantitate de socializare nu produce un labrador dintr-un c\u00e2ine de paz\u0103 de turm\u0103. Cine sper\u0103 asta va fi dezam\u0103git, iar c\u00e2inele va fi vinovatul.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Activitatea de noapte.<\/strong> L\u0103tratul la ora dou\u0103 diminea\u021ba nu e un capriciu: este exact munca pentru care a fost selectat. \u00centr-un cartier reziden\u021bial din Rom\u00e2nia, unde reclama\u021biile pentru zgomot ajung repede la poli\u021bia local\u0103, aceasta e o problem\u0103 practic\u0103 serioas\u0103.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u00cei trebuie un obiect de responsabilitate.<\/strong> O gospod\u0103rie, o turm\u0103, o curte de care r\u0103spunde. Un astfel de c\u00e2ine \u021binut \u00eentr-un apartament cu dou\u0103 plimb\u0103ri scurte pe zi nu e doar nefericit \u2014 devine imprevizibil.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Controlabilitate slab\u0103 la distan\u021b\u0103.<\/strong> Rechemarea poate s\u0103 nu func\u021bioneze atunci c\u00e2nd conteaz\u0103, pentru c\u0103 decizia autonom\u0103 e chiar competen\u021ba lui de baz\u0103.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Zero infrastructur\u0103 de sprijin \u00een Rom\u00e2nia.<\/strong> Nu exist\u0103 club de ras\u0103, nu exist\u0103 cresc\u0103tori, nu exist\u0103 instructori care s\u0103 fi lucrat cu ea, nu exist\u0103 un veterinar care s-o fi v\u0103zut de zece ori. Sunte\u021bi singur cu c\u00e2inele.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Exist\u0103 \u0219i o realitate de pia\u021b\u0103 pe care merit\u0103 s-o privi\u021bi \u00een fa\u021b\u0103. Ad\u0103posturile din Rom\u00e2nia sunt pline, iar \u00een 2025 abandonurile au crescut \u00een timp ce adop\u021biile au sc\u0103zut sim\u021bitor; printre c\u00e2inii care a\u0219teapt\u0103 acolo sunt zeci de corcituri de talie mare cu evident s\u00e2nge de ciob\u0103nesc. Iar dac\u0103 vre\u021bi un paznic serios \u0219i legal la purt\u0103tor, un mioritic, un carpatin, un bucovinean sau un corb de la un cresc\u0103tor \u00eenregistrat v\u0103 ofer\u0103 acela\u0219i tip de c\u00e2ine \u2014 plus acte, plus un club, plus oameni la care suna\u021bi c\u00e2nd ave\u021bi o \u00eentrebare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u0103n\u0103tate \u0219i predispozi\u021bii: logica special\u0103 a unui landrace<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"830\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/wmremove-transformed_1.webp\" alt=\"Ciob\u0103nesc himalayan \u2014 s\u0103n\u0103tate \u0219i predispozi\u021bii genetice\" class=\"wp-image-126977\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/wmremove-transformed_1.webp 1000w, https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/wmremove-transformed_1-300x249.webp 300w, https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/wmremove-transformed_1-768x637.webp 768w, https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/wmremove-transformed_1-860x714.webp 860w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u0103n\u0103tatea unei rase f\u0103r\u0103 carte de origini nu se discut\u0103 ca la rasele de expozi\u021bie. S\u0103n\u0103tatea este \u00een general robust\u0103, dar nu a fost \u00eentocmit\u0103 o list\u0103 a bolilor ereditare specifice rasei \u2014 \u201enedescris\u201d \u00eenseamn\u0103 \u201enestudiat\u201d, nu \u201einexistent\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Partea bun\u0103: neexist\u00e2nd o carte de origini \u00eenchis\u0103, n-a existat nici efectul \u201emasculului la mod\u0103\u201d, prin care un singur reproduc\u0103tor de succes r\u0103sp\u00e2nde\u0219te o muta\u021bie \u00een toat\u0103 popula\u021bia. Selec\u021bia a fost f\u0103cut\u0103 de mediu, iar mediul e nemilos cu genele proaste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cele dou\u0103 capcane, \u00eens\u0103, sunt reale. Prima: <strong>\u201enedescris\u201d nu \u00eenseamn\u0103 \u201einexistent\u201d<\/strong>. Nimeni n-a f\u0103cut studii sistematice pe aceast\u0103 popula\u021bie, deci absen\u021ba datelor nu e o garan\u021bie. A doua: <strong>nu exist\u0103 infrastructur\u0103 de testare<\/strong>. Nicio schem\u0103 oficial\u0103 de evaluare radiologic\u0103 a displaziei pentru ras\u0103, nicio baz\u0103 de date, niciun panel de teste ADN specifice. Cump\u0103r\u0103torul nu are pe ce documente s\u0103 se sprijine \u2014 nu pentru c\u0103 i le ascunde cineva, ci pentru c\u0103 ele nu exist\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Risc<\/th><th>De ce apare<\/th><th>Ce face\u021bi practic<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Displazie de \u0219old \u0219i de cot<\/td><td>risc comun raselor mari, agravat de cre\u0219tere prea rapid\u0103<\/td><td>pui ne\u00eengr\u0103\u0219at, f\u0103r\u0103 sc\u0103ri \u0219i s\u0103rituri \u00een primul an, radiografie la 12\u201318 luni<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Torsiune gastric\u0103<\/td><td>piept ad\u00e2nc<\/td><td>dou\u0103 mese pe zi, repaus \u00eenainte \u0219i dup\u0103 mas\u0103, cunoa\u0219terea semnelor de urgen\u021b\u0103<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Otite<\/td><td>urechi l\u0103sate, ventila\u021bie slab\u0103<\/td><td>control s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2nal, uscare dup\u0103 baie sau ploaie<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Probleme de piele sub c\u00e2l\u021bi<\/td><td>subp\u0103r dens care re\u021bine umezeala<\/td><td>periere regulat\u0103, verificarea pielii la g\u00e2t \u0219i axile<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Obezitate<\/td><td>metabolism foarte eficient, adaptat la hran\u0103 pu\u021bin\u0103<\/td><td>evaluarea condi\u021biei prin palpare, nu din ochi<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Insola\u021bie \u0219i \u0219oc termic<\/td><td>izola\u021bie g\u00e2ndit\u0103 pentru altitudine<\/td><td>umbr\u0103, ap\u0103, zero efort la canicul\u0103<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Artroz\u0103 \u0219i uzura articula\u021biilor<\/td><td>greutate mare, articula\u021bii solicitate<\/td><td>men\u021binerea greut\u0103\u021bii optime, mi\u0219care constant\u0103 \u0219i moderat\u0103<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Este instructiv s\u0103 compar\u0103m mecanismele de adaptare ale raselor formate \u00een extreme opuse. Rarul <a href=\"https:\/\/tvaryny.com\/ro\/breed-aruba-cunucu-dog\">Aruba Dog (c\u00e2inele de ferm\u0103 din Aruba)<\/a> a evoluat \u00een ar\u0219i\u021ba Caraibelor: p\u0103r scurt, siluet\u0103 u\u0219oar\u0103, cu totul alt tip de termoreglare. Ciob\u0103nescul himalayan e polul opus \u2014 construit s\u0103 p\u0103streze c\u0103ldura \u00een aer rarefiat \u0219i la temperaturi negative. Aceea\u0219i specie, dou\u0103 solu\u021bii biologice ireconciliabile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hr\u0103nirea: de la turta ciobanului la castronul modern<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ra\u021bia istoric\u0103 a acestor c\u00e2ini spune totul despre metabolismul lor: turte nedospite, lapte, zer \u0219i ce r\u0103m\u00e2nea din ceaunul p\u0103storilor. Despre bakharwali, rudele lor din Jammu \u0219i Kashmir, sursele scriu direct c\u0103 dieta tradi\u021bional\u0103 era aproape vegetarian\u0103 \u2014 p\u00e2ine din t\u0103r\u00e2\u021be de orez \u0219i porumb, plus lactate. Carnea era o excep\u021bie, nu o baz\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Concluzia e important\u0103 \u0219i contraintuitiv\u0103: un c\u00e2ine evoluat pe hran\u0103 s\u0103rac\u0103 se \u00eengra\u0219\u0103 rapid pe hrana modern\u0103, caloric\u0103. Reguli practice: dou\u0103 mese pe zi, lini\u0219te \u00eenainte \u0219i dup\u0103 mas\u0103 (pieptul ad\u00e2nc \u0219i torsiunea gastric\u0103 nu iart\u0103), por\u021bii calculate pentru un c\u00e2ine adult cu activitate moderat\u0103 \u2014 nu pentru unul \u201ede talie mare\u201d \u00een general \u2014 \u0219i, mai ales, evaluarea condi\u021biei <strong>prin palpare<\/strong>. Sub un subp\u0103r at\u00e2t de dens se pot ascunde cinci kilograme \u00een plus f\u0103r\u0103 ca ochiul s\u0103 b\u0103nuiasc\u0103 ceva.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dresajul: cum g\u0103si\u021bi un limbaj comun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"891\" height=\"705\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/ca1bcf04-9e2a-4da7-b5b8-7d26b864e5ec_screenshot-2023-07-18-at-10.35.35-am.avif\" alt=\"Ciob\u0103nesc himalayan \u2014 dresaj \u0219i socializare\" class=\"wp-image-126946\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/ca1bcf04-9e2a-4da7-b5b8-7d26b864e5ec_screenshot-2023-07-18-at-10.35.35-am.avif 891w, https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/ca1bcf04-9e2a-4da7-b5b8-7d26b864e5ec_screenshot-2023-07-18-at-10.35.35-am-300x237.avif 300w, https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/ca1bcf04-9e2a-4da7-b5b8-7d26b864e5ec_screenshot-2023-07-18-at-10.35.35-am-768x608.avif 768w, https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/ca1bcf04-9e2a-4da7-b5b8-7d26b864e5ec_screenshot-2023-07-18-at-10.35.35-am-860x680.avif 860w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 891px) 100vw, 891px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ciob\u0103nescul himalayan e inteligent, dar \u00eenc\u0103p\u0103\u021b\u00e2nat \u2014 mai corect spus, e un c\u00e2ine care cere motive. Metodele de tip \u201edril\u201d nu func\u021bioneaz\u0103: dup\u0103 a treia repetare identic\u0103 se plictise\u0219te \u0219i pleac\u0103. Baza reu\u0219itei e respectul, coeren\u021ba \u0219i un lider pe care c\u00e2inele \u00eel consider\u0103 competent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Important:<\/strong> nu folosi\u021bi niciodat\u0103 for\u021ba fizic\u0103. Rezultatul e fie \u00eenchiderea \u00een sine, fie o reac\u021bie defensiv\u0103 pe care nu o dori\u021bi la un c\u00e2ine de 40 de kilograme. Recompensa pozitiv\u0103 combinat\u0103 cu fermitate \u00een cerin\u021be d\u0103 cele mai bune rezultate. Socializarea \u00eencepe din prima zi \u00een care puiul intr\u0103 \u00een cas\u0103: oameni diferi\u021bi, sunete, mirosuri, alte animale, suprafe\u021be, ma\u0219ini.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Obiectivul realist merit\u0103 formulat de la \u00eenceput: nu ve\u021bi ob\u021bine un c\u00e2ine care execut\u0103 prompt la 50 de metri, ci unul care accept\u0103 regulile casei, poate fi oprit dintr-o inten\u021bie \u0219i se las\u0103 manipulat de veterinar. Pentru un paznic de turm\u0103, asta \u00eenseamn\u0103 succes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Legea rom\u00e2neasc\u0103: unde se \u00eencadreaz\u0103 un c\u00e2ine mare f\u0103r\u0103 acte<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cadrul principal este <strong>OUG nr. 55\/2002 privind regimul de de\u021binere al c\u00e2inilor periculo\u0219i sau agresivi<\/strong>, aprobat\u0103 cu modific\u0103ri prin Legea nr. 60\/2003 \u0219i republicat\u0103 ulterior. Ordonan\u021ba \u00eemparte c\u00e2inii periculo\u0219i \u00een dou\u0103 categorii:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Categoria I<\/strong> \u2014 c\u00e2inii de lupt\u0103 \u0219i de atac, asimila\u021bi <em>prin caracterele morfologice<\/em> cu tipurile Pit Bull, Boerbull, Bandog \u0219i meti\u0219ii lor. \u00cencadrarea se face dup\u0103 morfologie, nu dup\u0103 acte.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Categoria II<\/strong> \u2014 American Staffordshire Terrier, Tosa, Rottweiler, Dog Argentinian, Mastino Napoletano, Fila Brasileiro, Mastiff, <strong>Ciob\u0103nesc Caucazian<\/strong>, Cane Corso <em>\u0219i meti\u0219ii lor<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ciob\u0103nescul himalayan, bhotia \u0219i gaddi <strong>nu figureaz\u0103 pe niciuna dintre liste<\/strong>. Nici mastiful tibetan nu apare acolo sub acest nume. Prin urmare, \u00een principiu, un astfel de c\u00e2ine este tratat de lege ca orice alt c\u00e2ine de talie mare. Aten\u021bie \u00eens\u0103 la dou\u0103 detalii care conteaz\u0103 exact pentru un exemplar f\u0103r\u0103 acte:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Element juridic<\/th><th>Ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 pentru un ciob\u0103nesc himalayan<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Categoria I se stabile\u0219te dup\u0103 caracterele morfologice<\/td><td>criteriul vizeaz\u0103 tipul pit bull; un c\u00e2ine masiv, cu blan\u0103 lung\u0103 \u0219i urechi l\u0103sate, nu se \u00eencadreaz\u0103 morfologic acolo<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Categoria II include \u201eCiob\u0103nesc Caucazian\u2026 \u0219i meti\u0219ii lor\u201d<\/td><td>punctul sensibil: un c\u00e2ine f\u0103r\u0103 acte, descris de cineva drept metis de ciob\u0103nesc caucazian, poate ajunge discutat pe aceast\u0103 linie<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Adeverin\u021ba eliberat\u0103 de Asocia\u021bia Chinologic\u0103 Rom\u00e2n\u0103 (art. 4)<\/td><td>paradoxul rasei nerecunoscute: AChR \u021bine cartea de origini a raselor FCI \u0219i nu poate emite acte pentru o popula\u021bie f\u0103r\u0103 standard<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>C\u00e2ine agresiv (art. 2)<\/td><td>defini\u021bia nu \u021bine de ras\u0103: orice c\u00e2ine care mu\u0219c\u0103 sau atac\u0103 neprovocat intr\u0103 aici, cu excep\u021bia ap\u0103r\u0103rii propriet\u0103\u021bii private<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Obliga\u021biile pentru categoria II<\/td><td>botni\u021b\u0103 \u0219i les\u0103 \u00een spa\u021biile publice; liber doar \u00een zonele special amenajate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Obliga\u021biile suplimentare pentru categoria I<\/td><td>sterilizare obligatorie, asigurare de r\u0103spundere civil\u0103, interdic\u021bie de import \u0219i de comercializare<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dincolo de ordonan\u021b\u0103, se aplic\u0103 regulile valabile pentru to\u021bi c\u00e2inii din Rom\u00e2nia. <strong>Microciparea este obligatorie<\/strong>, iar c\u00e2inele trebuie \u00eenregistrat \u00een <strong>RECS<\/strong> \u2014 Registrul de Eviden\u021b\u0103 a C\u00e2inilor cu St\u0103p\u00e2n, gestionat de Colegiul Medicilor Veterinari. F\u0103r\u0103 microcip \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eenregistrare, animalul nu poate primi carnet de s\u0103n\u0103tate sau pa\u0219aport, deci nu poate trece grani\u021ba; iar lipsa lor se sanc\u021bioneaz\u0103 contraven\u021bional. <strong>Legea nr. 205\/2004 privind protec\u021bia animalelor<\/strong> interzice relele tratamente \u0219i restr\u00e2ngerea nejustificat\u0103 a libert\u0103\u021bii de mi\u0219care \u2014 motiv pentru care \u021binerea permanent\u0103 \u00een lan\u021b, de\u0219i nu e interzis\u0103 printr-un text explicit, este o practic\u0103 pe care controalele o sanc\u021bioneaz\u0103. Regulile locale de acces \u00een parcuri, zone de plimbare \u0219i spa\u021bii comune se stabilesc prin hot\u0103r\u00e2ri ale consiliilor locale \u0219i difer\u0103 de la un ora\u0219 la altul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e2inele la st\u00e2n\u0103 \u0219i legea v\u00e2n\u0103torii: jujeul, num\u0103rul de c\u00e2ini \u0219i art. 19<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dac\u0103 discut\u0103m despre un c\u00e2ine de paz\u0103 a turmei, \u00een Rom\u00e2nia intr\u0103 \u00een scen\u0103 o lege la care pu\u021bini se g\u00e2ndesc: <strong>Legea nr. 407\/2006 a v\u00e2n\u0103torii \u0219i a protec\u021biei fondului cinegetic<\/strong>. Are trei prevederi care privesc direct via\u021ba unui astfel de c\u00e2ine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Jujeul.<\/strong> Legea \u00eel define\u0219te explicit: o pies\u0103 cilindric\u0103, strunjit\u0103 din lemn de esen\u021b\u0103 tare, care trebuie purtat\u0103 de c\u00e2inii ce \u00eenso\u021besc turmele \u0219i cirezile. Rostul ei e s\u0103 \u00eempiedice c\u00e2inele s\u0103 alerge liber dup\u0103 v\u00e2nat. \u00censo\u021birea turmelor \u00een fondurile cinegetice de c\u0103tre c\u00e2ini f\u0103r\u0103 jujeu este o fapt\u0103 sanc\u021bionat\u0103 de lege.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Num\u0103rul de c\u00e2ini.<\/strong> Tot legea limiteaz\u0103 efectivul care poate \u00eenso\u021bi o turm\u0103 \u00een fondul cinegetic: cel mult trei c\u00e2ini \u00een zona de munte, doi \u00een zona de deal \u0219i unul la c\u00e2mpie.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Articolul 19.<\/strong> Cel mai dur dintre toate: pisicile \u0219i c\u00e2inii s\u0103lb\u0103tici\u021bi sau hoinari g\u0103si\u021bi pe suprafe\u021bele productive ale fondurilor cinegetice pot fi \u00eempu\u0219ca\u021bi f\u0103r\u0103 restric\u021bii, de personalul specializat al gestionarului sau de v\u00e2n\u0103tori, f\u0103r\u0103 obliga\u021bii de desp\u0103gubire.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Traducerea practic\u0103 pentru un proprietar de c\u00e2ine de paz\u0103: un exemplar mare, obi\u0219nuit s\u0103 patruleze pe cont propriu \u0219i sc\u0103pat dintr-o curte de la marginea satului, nu e doar un c\u00e2ine pierdut. Pe hart\u0103, la c\u00e2\u021biva kilometri de cas\u0103, el este un \u201ec\u00e2ine hoinar pe fond cinegetic\u201d. Gardul solid \u0219i microcipul nu sunt formalit\u0103\u021bi birocratice, ci exact ce st\u0103 \u00eentre c\u00e2inele dumneavoastr\u0103 \u0219i acest articol de lege.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Merit\u0103 men\u021bionat \u0219i contextul mai larg. Rom\u00e2nia ad\u0103poste\u0219te una dintre cele mai mari popula\u021bii de urs brun \u0219i de lup din Uniunea European\u0103, iar pagubele produse turmelor sunt o tem\u0103 permanent\u0103 \u00een presa agricol\u0103. \u00cen 2025, statutul lupului a fost modificat la nivel european din \u201estrict protejat\u201d \u00een \u201eprotejat\u201d, ceea ce las\u0103 statelor membre mai mult\u0103 marj\u0103 de gestiune, cu condi\u021bia men\u021binerii unei st\u0103ri favorabile de conservare; tot \u00een 2025 au fost adoptate reguli noi privind interven\u021bia imediat\u0103 \u00een cazul ur\u0219ilor. \u00cen toat\u0103 aceast\u0103 discu\u021bie, c\u00e2inele de st\u00e2n\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2ne cel mai vechi \u0219i cel mai pu\u021bin controversat instrument de preven\u021bie \u2014 exact concluzia la care au ajuns \u0219i cercet\u0103torii din Himalaya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Import din India sau Nepal: ce cere Uniunea European\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Presupun\u00e2nd c\u0103 cineva chiar vrea s\u0103 aduc\u0103 un astfel de c\u00e2ine \u00een Rom\u00e2nia, drumul nu e nici scurt, nici simplu. India \u0219i Nepalul sunt \u021b\u0103ri ter\u021be care nu figureaz\u0103 pe lista teritoriilor cu regim simplificat, iar circula\u021bia necomercial\u0103 a animalelor de companie este reglementat\u0103 de Regulamentul (UE) nr. 576\/2013 \u0219i de Regulamentul de punere \u00een aplicare (UE) nr. 577\/2013. Autoritatea competent\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia este ANSVSA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Etap\u0103<\/th><th>Cerin\u021b\u0103<\/th><th>Detaliu critic<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>1. Identificare<\/td><td>microcip conform standardului<\/td><td>trebuie aplicat <em>\u00eenaintea<\/em> vaccin\u0103rii antirabice, altfel vaccinarea nu e valabil\u0103<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2. Vaccinare antirabic\u0103<\/td><td>vaccin valabil, animal de cel pu\u021bin 12 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni<\/td><td>orice gre\u0219eal\u0103 de cronologie reia procedura de la cap\u0103t<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3. Titrarea anticorpilor<\/td><td>prob\u0103 de s\u00e2nge recoltat\u0103 la cel pu\u021bin 30 de zile dup\u0103 vaccinare<\/td><td>rezultat de minimum 0,5 UI\/ml, \u00eentr-un laborator autorizat de UE<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4. Perioada de a\u0219teptare<\/td><td>3 luni de la data recolt\u0103rii probei<\/td><td>etapa care nu poate fi scurtat\u0103 prin nicio derogare<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5. Certificat sanitar-veterinar<\/td><td>emis de autoritatea din \u021bara de origine<\/td><td>\u00eenso\u021bit de documentele etapelor anterioare<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6. Intrarea \u00een UE<\/td><td>numai printr-un punct de intrare desemnat<\/td><td>controlul documentar \u0219i de identitate se face la sosire<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Adun\u00e2nd etapele, un pui plecat din Himalaya ajunge legal \u00een Rom\u00e2nia la o v\u00e2rst\u0103 considerabil\u0103 \u2014 bine peste jum\u0103tate de an. Adic\u0103 va traversa perioada critic\u0103 de socializare \u00eentr-un context complet diferit de cel \u00een care va tr\u0103i. Pentru un c\u00e2ine de paz\u0103, cu un caracter care se a\u0219az\u0103 devreme \u0219i definitiv, acesta nu e un am\u0103nunt logistic, ci un factor de risc major.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Avantajele \u0219i dezavantajele rasei<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/bhotia-dog-breed-information-facts-characteristics-1024x768.png\" alt=\"Ciob\u0103nesc himalayan \u2014 avantajele \u0219i dezavantajele rasei\" class=\"wp-image-126901\" style=\"width:435px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/bhotia-dog-breed-information-facts-characteristics-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/bhotia-dog-breed-information-facts-characteristics-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/bhotia-dog-breed-information-facts-characteristics-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/bhotia-dog-breed-information-facts-characteristics-860x645.png 860w, https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/bhotia-dog-breed-information-facts-characteristics.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Avantaje (+)<\/th><th>Dezavantaje (\u2212)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Paznic incoruptibil, cu decizie proprie<\/td><td>L\u0103trat puternic, mai ales noaptea<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>S\u0103n\u0103tate solid\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 povara consangviniz\u0103rii<\/td><td>F\u0103r\u0103 acte, f\u0103r\u0103 club, f\u0103r\u0103 sprijin \u00een Rom\u00e2nia<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Devotament fa\u021b\u0103 de familie, r\u0103bdare cu copiii casei<\/td><td>Ne\u00eencredere permanent\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de str\u0103ini<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Preten\u021bii modeste la hran\u0103<\/td><td>Se \u00eengra\u0219\u0103 rapid pe hran\u0103 modern\u0103<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Suport\u0103 gerul \u0219i vremea rea f\u0103r\u0103 efort<\/td><td>Vulnerabil la canicula de var\u0103 din Rom\u00e2nia<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rezisten\u021b\u0103 \u0219i mobilitate reale pe teren accidentat<\/td><td>N\u0103p\u00e2rlire abundent\u0103, blan\u0103 peste tot \u00een curte<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nu are nevoie de sporturi canine sau de divertisment<\/td><td>Nepotrivit pentru apartament \u0219i pentru \u00eencep\u0103tori<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Va supravie\u021bui rasa? Statutul de azi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Estim\u0103rile cercet\u0103torilor vorbesc despre mai pu\u021bin de o mie de c\u00e2ini gaddi de tip pur r\u0103ma\u0219i. Cauzele nu sunt misterioase \u0219i seam\u0103n\u0103 nepl\u0103cut de mult cu ce s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat \u0219i \u00een Carpa\u021bi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sf\u00e2r\u0219itul vie\u021bii nomade.<\/strong> Drumuri, \u0219coli, munc\u0103 salariat\u0103 \u2014 tot mai pu\u021bine familii mai urc\u0103 turmele vara. F\u0103r\u0103 transhuman\u021b\u0103, c\u00e2inele \u00ee\u0219i pierde meseria.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Metisarea cu rase aduse din afar\u0103<\/strong>, adesea din dorin\u021ba de a ob\u021bine exemplare mai mari sau mai \u201eimpresionante\u201d.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Absen\u021ba unui program de cre\u0219tere.<\/strong> F\u0103r\u0103 eviden\u021be, f\u0103r\u0103 selec\u021bie coordonat\u0103, o popula\u021bie se dilueaz\u0103 \u00een dou\u0103-trei genera\u021bii.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pentru bakharwali, ruda din nord, se adaug\u0103 o cauz\u0103 aparte: sute de c\u00e2ini uci\u0219i \u00een perioada conflictului armat \u00eenceput \u00een anii 1990.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Se face totu\u0219i ceva. Centrul de la Palampur cre\u0219te pui \u0219i \u00eei distribuie p\u0103storilor, \u00eenregistrarea NBAGR a dat rasei o form\u0103 de existen\u021b\u0103 oficial\u0103, iar clubul din Nepal lucreaz\u0103 la un standard. Pentru compara\u021bie, Rom\u00e2nia a parcurs acest drum p\u00e2n\u0103 la cap\u0103t: cele patru rase autohtone au ajuns \u00een nomenclatorul FCI tocmai pentru c\u0103 cineva a \u021binut eviden\u021be, a scris standarde \u0219i a mers ani la r\u00e2nd la comisii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Curiozit\u0103\u021bi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Localnicii din Himalaya cred c\u0103 ace\u0219ti c\u00e2ini pot vedea spiritele: \u201eochii fal\u0219i\u201d \u2014 petele deschise de deasupra ochilor \u2014 le-ar permite s\u0103 vegheze lumea chiar \u0219i \u00een somn.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Porecla \u201eindian panther hound\u201d, dat\u0103 c\u00e2inelui gaddi, s-a n\u0103scut din pove\u0219tile p\u0103storilor despre confrunt\u0103rile cu leopardul. Reputa\u021bia e mai mare dec\u00e2t frecven\u021ba real\u0103 a acestor \u00eent\u00e2lniri.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Numele \u201ebhotia\u201d trimite la Tibet, semn c\u0103 localnicii \u00een\u0219i\u0219i consider\u0103 c\u00e2inele venit de dincolo de creast\u0103 \u2014 o intui\u021bie popular\u0103 confirmat\u0103 par\u021bial de genetic\u0103.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gaddi este prima ras\u0103 canin\u0103 himalayan\u0103 intrat\u0103 \u00een registrul indian de resurse genetice animale \u0219i a patra ras\u0103 de c\u00e2ini din acel registru.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vorba \u201ec\u00e2inele care latr\u0103 nu mu\u0219c\u0103\u201d nu se aplic\u0103 aici. La un paznic de turm\u0103, l\u0103tratul este prima linie de ap\u0103rare, iar t\u0103cerea brusc\u0103 este semnalul care ar trebui s\u0103 v\u0103 ridice de pe scaun.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00centreb\u0103ri frecvente despre ras\u0103 (FAQ)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Este ciob\u0103nescul himalayan pe lista c\u00e2inilor periculo\u0219i din Rom\u00e2nia?<\/strong><br>Nu. Nici ciob\u0103nescul himalayan, nici bhotia, nici gaddi nu apar \u00een listele din OUG nr. 55\/2002. Punctul delicat este altul: categoria a II-a include ciob\u0103nescul caucazian \u201e\u0219i meti\u0219ii lor\u201d, iar un c\u00e2ine mare f\u0103r\u0103 niciun act poate ajunge, \u00eentr-o situa\u021bie tensionat\u0103, s\u0103 fie descris de cineva drept metis. Un dosar veterinar complet \u0219i un comportament irepro\u0219abil \u00een public sunt cea mai bun\u0103 asigurare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Pot ob\u021bine pedigree pentru un astfel de c\u00e2ine la AChR?<\/strong><br>Nu. Asocia\u021bia Chinologic\u0103 Rom\u00e2n\u0103 este membrul FCI pentru Rom\u00e2nia \u0219i \u021bine cartea de origini a raselor din nomenclatorul FCI. Ciob\u0103nescul himalayan nu se afl\u0103 acolo, deci nu exist\u0103 registru \u00een care s\u0103 fie \u00eenscris. Administrativ, c\u00e2inele va fi un c\u00e2ine f\u0103r\u0103 ras\u0103 determinat\u0103 \u2014 indiferent c\u00e2t de tipic arat\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>L-a\u0219 putea folosi la st\u00e2n\u0103, \u00een locul unui mioritic sau al unui carpatin?<\/strong><br>Teoretic face aceea\u0219i munc\u0103. Practic, nu are niciun sens: un mioritic, un carpatin, un bucovinean sau un corb provin din linii selectate exact pentru mun\u021bii no\u0219tri, pentru pr\u0103d\u0103torii no\u0219tri \u0219i pentru felul nostru de a \u021bine oile, vin cu acte, se pot cump\u0103ra de la cresc\u0103tori din \u021bar\u0103 \u0219i nu ridic\u0103 nicio problem\u0103 de import. A\u021bi pl\u0103ti un drum lung ca s\u0103 ob\u021bine\u021bi ceva ce se g\u0103se\u0219te la dou\u0103 jude\u021be distan\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Se \u00een\u021belege cu copiii?<\/strong><br>Cu copiii familiei este, de regul\u0103, tolerant \u0219i chiar protector. R\u0103m\u00e2n \u00eens\u0103 dou\u0103 rezerve valabile pentru orice c\u00e2ine de 40 de kilograme: poate r\u0103sturna accidental un copil mic \u00een joac\u0103 \u0219i nu ar trebui l\u0103sat nesupravegheat cu copii foarte mici. Cu prietenii copiilor, veni\u021bi \u00een vizit\u0103, situa\u021bia e cu totul alta \u0219i cere gestionare atent\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Cu ce se hr\u0103ne\u0219te un astfel de c\u00e2ine?<\/strong><br>Istoric, cu turte, lapte \u0219i resturi de la st\u00e2n\u0103. Ast\u0103zi, cu o hran\u0103 echilibrat\u0103 pentru rase mari sau cu o ra\u021bie natural\u0103 bine calculat\u0103, \u00een dou\u0103 mese pe zi. Cheia nu e compozi\u021bia, ci cantitatea: metabolismul lui foarte eficient transform\u0103 surplusul \u00een kilograme mai repede dec\u00e2t la alte rase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Poate fi \u021binut \u00een lan\u021b?<\/strong><br>Categoric nu. Lan\u021bul distruge psihicul unui animal selectat pentru patrulare autonom\u0103 \u0219i produce exact c\u00e2inele agresiv \u0219i imprevizibil de care v\u0103 teme\u021bi. \u00cen plus, Legea nr. 205\/2004 sanc\u021bioneaz\u0103 restr\u00e2ngerea nejustificat\u0103 a libert\u0103\u021bii de mi\u0219care. Solu\u021bia corect\u0103 este curtea \u00eemprejmuit\u0103 serios, cu ad\u0103post \u0219i umbr\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Care e diferen\u021ba fa\u021b\u0103 de mastiful tibetan?<\/strong><br>Mastiful tibetan are standard FCI, grupa a 2-a, num\u0103r 230, o istorie de expozi\u021bii \u0219i o construc\u021bie vizibil mai grea. Ciob\u0103nescul himalayan e mai u\u0219or, mai mobil, mai apt de urcat pante \u0219i nu are acte. Un \u201ehimalayan\u201d de 70 de kilograme este, aproape sigur, un mastiff tibetan sau o corcitur\u0103 cu el.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u00e2t de bine suport\u0103 vara rom\u00e2neasc\u0103?<\/strong><br>Prost, iar asta e principala problem\u0103 de bun\u0103stare a rasei la noi. La c\u00e2mpie, \u00een lunile iulie \u0219i august, are nevoie de umbr\u0103 permanent\u0103, ap\u0103 rece, plimb\u0103ri doar la r\u0103coare \u0219i repaus total \u00een zilele cu avertizare de canicul\u0103. Nu tunde\u021bi blana: f\u0103r\u0103 subp\u0103r, c\u00e2inele se supra\u00eenc\u0103lze\u0219te mai repede, nu mai \u00eencet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Video despre ras\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Himalayan Sheepdog Pros and Cons | Gaddi Kutta Advantages and Disadvantages\" width=\"1170\" height=\"658\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/T9GjBAzXImE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Concluzie: cui i se potrive\u0219te ciob\u0103nescul himalayan<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ciob\u0103nescul himalayan este un c\u00e2ine excelent \u2014 pentru locul, meseria \u0219i oamenii care l-au format. E un paznic de turm\u0103 autentic, s\u0103n\u0103tos, autonom, capabil s\u0103 \u021bin\u0103 piept unui pr\u0103d\u0103tor la 3.500 de metri \u0219i s\u0103 fac\u0103 asta noaptea, singur, f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 i-o cear\u0103 cineva. Merit\u0103 respect exact pentru asta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pentru o gospod\u0103rie din Rom\u00e2nia, calculul e \u00eens\u0103 altul. Nu are acte \u0219i nu le poate avea. Nu are club, cresc\u0103tori sau speciali\u0219ti aici. Importul e lung \u0219i \u00eel aduce \u00een \u021bar\u0103 trecut de v\u00e2rsta la care caracterul se modeleaz\u0103 u\u0219or. Iar vara noastr\u0103 \u00eel \u00eencearc\u0103 mai tare dec\u00e2t orice iarn\u0103. \u00cen schimb, la dou\u0103-trei jude\u021be distan\u021b\u0103 exist\u0103 mioriticul, carpatinul, bucovineanul \u0219i corbul \u2014 patru rase rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti recunoscute interna\u021bional, care fac aceea\u0219i munc\u0103, \u00een aceia\u0219i mun\u021bi, \u00eempotriva acelora\u0219i pr\u0103d\u0103tori, cu acte \u0219i cu oameni \u00een spate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u0103m\u00e2ne o singur\u0103 categorie de oameni pentru care e alegerea potrivit\u0103: cei care nu caut\u0103 un c\u00e2ine, ci caut\u0103 <em>acest<\/em> c\u00e2ine, \u00een\u021beleg exact ce iau \u0219i sunt preg\u0103ti\u021bi s\u0103 fie, pentru el, singurul sistem de sprijin existent. Pentru to\u021bi ceilal\u021bi, cea mai bun\u0103 form\u0103 de admira\u021bie e s\u0103 citeasc\u0103 despre el \u2014 \u0219i s\u0103 mearg\u0103 la st\u00e2n\u0103 dup\u0103 un dul\u0103u de-al nostru.<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Himalayan Sheepdog (Gaddi Kutta) este o ras\u0103 maiestuoas\u0103 \u0219i puternic\u0103, care de secole serve\u0219te drept gardian neclintit \u00een cele mai aspre condi\u021bii ale\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":126896,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[52],"tags":[7114,7177,320],"moimportance":[],"class_list":["post-127074","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-dogs-breeds","tag-caini-cu-par-lung","tag-ciobanesti","tag-320"],"views":15,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tvaryny.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/127074","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tvaryny.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tvaryny.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tvaryny.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tvaryny.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=127074"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tvaryny.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/127074\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":127076,"href":"https:\/\/tvaryny.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/127074\/revisions\/127076"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tvaryny.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/126896"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tvaryny.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=127074"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tvaryny.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=127074"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tvaryny.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=127074"},{"taxonomy":"moimportance","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tvaryny.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/moimportance?post=127074"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}