{"id":138821,"date":"2016-11-16T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2016-11-15T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tvaryny.com\/?p=138821"},"modified":"2026-08-06T11:18:30","modified_gmt":"2026-08-06T08:18:30","slug":"perro-ratero-mallorquin-ca-rater-mallorqui","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tvaryny.com\/ro\/breed-majorcan-rater-perro-ratero-mallorquin","title":{"rendered":"Perro Ratero Mallorqu\u00edn (Ca Rater Mallorqu\u00ed)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Perro Ratero Mallorqu\u00edn<\/strong>, sau <strong>Ca Rater Mallorqu\u00ed (Majorca Ratter)<\/strong> nu este doar un c\u0103\u021belu\u0219 de canapea, ci un adev\u0103rat pachet de energie, istorie \u0219i un devotament incredibil. Dac\u0103 sunte\u021bi \u00een c\u0103utarea unui companion care combin\u0103 curajul unui terrier cu elegan\u021ba unui pinscher, s-ar putea s\u0103 v\u0103 intereseze chiar aceast\u0103 ras\u0103. Afla\u021bi mai multe pe <a href=\"https:\/\/tvaryny.com\/ro\">Tvaryny<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Numele lung sperie, dar povestea din spatele lui e c\u00e2t se poate de simpl\u0103. Vorbim despre cel mai mic c\u00e2ine de lucru al Insulelor Baleare, crescut nu ca s\u0103 plac\u0103 ochiului, ci ca s\u0103 scoat\u0103 \u0219obolanii dintr-un hambar mediteranean. Tot ce vede\u021bi la el \u2014 cele patru kilograme, urechile ridicate ca dou\u0103 antene, reflexul care porne\u0219te \u00eenaintea g\u00e2ndului \u2014 este consecin\u021ba direct\u0103 a acelei munci. Buturuga mic\u0103 r\u0103stoarn\u0103 carul mare: e proverbul care i se potrive\u0219te cel mai bine, iar mallorchinii \u00eel folosesc, \u00een felul lor, de genera\u021bii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Istoria originii rasei<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Istoria acestei rase este str\u00e2ns legat\u0103 de istoria Insulelor Baleare, \u00een special de insula Mallorca. Se crede c\u0103 str\u0103mo\u0219ii acestor c\u00e2ini au ajuns pe insule \u00eempreun\u0103 cu coloni\u0219tii catalani. Timp de secole, ei au \u00eendeplinit o munc\u0103 important\u0103, de\u0219i nu \u00eentotdeauna vizibil\u0103 &#8211; cur\u0103\u021barea grajdurilor \u0219i a terenurilor agricole de roz\u0103toare. Tocmai de aceea, \u00een numele lor apare cuv\u00e2ntul &#8222;Rater&#8221; (de la &#8222;rata&#8221; &#8211; \u0219obolan).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aici e nevoie \u00eens\u0103 de o precizare de onestitate. Documente care s\u0103 ateste rasa mai devreme de mijlocul secolului al XIX-lea pur \u0219i simplu nu exist\u0103. Tot ce se scrie despre sosirea c\u00e2inilor odat\u0103 cu cucerirea catalan\u0103 sau despre origini \u0219i mai vechi r\u0103m\u00e2ne la stadiul de ipotez\u0103 rezonabil\u0103, nu de fapt demonstrat. Un c\u00e2ine de gospod\u0103rie nu intra \u00een hrisoave: nu era v\u00e2nat de nobili, nu figura \u00een inventare, nu interesa pe nimeni \u00een afara cur\u021bii \u00een care muncea. Existen\u021ba lui era la fel de fireasc\u0103 \u2014 \u0219i la fel de nedocumentat\u0103 \u2014 ca cea a pisicii din pod.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Este interesant faptul c\u0103, genetic \u0219i fenotipic, Perro Ratero Mallorqu\u00edn are multe \u00een comun cu al\u021bi c\u00e2ini \u0219oricar spanioli. De exemplu, dac\u0103 privim la <a href=\"https:\/\/tvaryny.com\/ro\/breed-valencian-rater-gos-rater-valencia\">Ratonero Valencian (Gos Rater Valenci\u00e0)<\/a>, putem observa o asem\u0103nare izbitoare. Acest lucru se explic\u0103 prin apropierea geografic\u0103 \u0219i leg\u0103turile comerciale istorice dintre Valencia \u0219i Mallorca. Cu toate acestea, izolarea insular\u0103 i-a permis mallorquinului s\u0103-\u0219i p\u0103streze tr\u0103s\u0103turile unice, care \u00eel deosebesc de fra\u021bii s\u0103i de pe continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Un nume, trei limbi: ca rater, perro ratero, ratoner<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cititorul care caut\u0103 informa\u021bii despre ras\u0103 d\u0103 peste cel pu\u021bin trei denumiri \u0219i, aproape inevitabil, ajunge s\u0103 cread\u0103 c\u0103 e vorba de popula\u021bii diferite. Nu este. <strong>Ca Rater Mallorqu\u00ed<\/strong> e forma catalan\u0103, \u00een varianta ei mallorchin\u0103: \u201eca&#8221; \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u00e2ine, iar \u201erater&#8221; vine de la \u201erata&#8221;, adic\u0103 \u0219obolan. <strong>Perro Ratero Mallorqu\u00edn<\/strong> e exact aceea\u0219i sintagm\u0103, tradus\u0103 \u00een castilian\u0103. <strong>Ratoner de Mallorca<\/strong> este a treia variant\u0103 \u00eent\u00e2lnit\u0103 \u00een literatura de specialitate. Un singur c\u00e2ine, trei registre lingvistice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ce documente are c\u00e2inele acesta \u0219i ce documente nu are<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ceea ce exist\u0103 cu adev\u0103rat este un traseu administrativ regional \u0219i unul agricol, ambele reale \u0219i verificabile. Standardul rasei a fost publicat de administra\u021bia Insulelor Baleare \u00een buletinul oficial <strong>BOIB, la 28 decembrie 2002<\/strong>. Cu pu\u021bin timp \u00eenainte, printr-o rezolu\u021bie din <strong>21 noiembrie 2002<\/strong>, \u021binerea c\u0103r\u021bii genealogice (llibre geneal\u00f2gic) a fost \u00eencredin\u021bat\u0103 clubului de ras\u0103. La nivel de stat, Ministerul Agriculturii din Spania a recunoscut asocia\u021bia de cresc\u0103tori \u00een cadrul juridic dat de <strong>Real Decreto 558\/2001, din 25 mai 2001<\/strong>, act care reglementeaz\u0103 recunoa\u0219terea oficial\u0103 a asocia\u021biilor de cresc\u0103tori de c\u00e2ini de ras\u0103 pur\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ve\u021bi \u00eent\u00e2lni pe internet dou\u0103 ani diferi\u021bi pentru aceast\u0103 recunoa\u0219tere de stat, 2003 \u0219i 2004, prezenta\u021bi ca o contradic\u021bie. Nu sunt: sunt dou\u0103 etape ale aceluia\u0219i proces. Comisia de specialitate a dat avizul favorabil la 22 aprilie 2003, iar ordinul propriu-zis \u2014 <strong>Orden APA\/807\/2004<\/strong> \u2014 a fost semnat la 24 martie 2004 \u0219i publicat \u00een Monitorul Oficial spaniol (BOE) la 30 martie 2004.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un am\u0103nunt din acel document merit\u0103 scos \u00een eviden\u021b\u0103, pentru c\u0103 leag\u0103 toat\u0103 povestea: \u00een anexa aceluia\u0219i ordin, \u00een aceea\u0219i zi, au intrat <strong>\u0219i ca raterul mallorchin, \u0219i \u0219oricarul valencian<\/strong>. Dou\u0103zeci de ani mai t\u00e2rziu, unul are num\u0103r de standard FCI, cel\u0103lalt nu. Nu documentul de stat a f\u0103cut diferen\u021ba, ci ce a ales fiecare club s\u0103 fac\u0103 mai departe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ce conteaz\u0103, de altfel, e natura acestui act: e o recunoa\u0219tere <em>administrativ-agricol\u0103<\/em> a unei asocia\u021bii de cresc\u0103tori, nu o omologare chinologic\u0103 a rasei. Sunt dou\u0103 lucruri diferite, iar amestecarea lor sub eticheta \u201eras\u0103 recunoscut\u0103 oficial&#8221; a produs jum\u0103tate din confuziile care circul\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ce nu exist\u0103: <strong>niciun num\u0103r de standard FCI<\/strong>. Federa\u021bia Chinologic\u0103 Interna\u021bional\u0103 nu a omologat rasa, nici m\u0103car provizoriu. Dac\u0103 \u00eent\u00e2lni\u021bi undeva un \u201eFCI nr. &#8230;&#8221; atribuit ca raterului, acel num\u0103r e inventat sau \u00eemprumutat de la alt\u0103 ras\u0103. La fel, aglomeratoarele de con\u021binut \u0219i blogurile de asigur\u0103ri repet\u0103 frecvent c\u0103 rasa ar fi fost \u201erecunoscut\u0103 de RSCE&#8221;, clubul canin spaniol. Nici asta nu e adev\u0103rat: pe site-ul RSCE rasa apare \u00eentr-o rubric\u0103 separat\u0103, de alte rase \/ rase \u00een curs de refacere, nu \u00een lista raselor spaniole recunoscute.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Motivul e, de altfel, o decizie asumat\u0103. Clubul de ras\u0103 nu a vrut s\u0103 intre sub umbrela RSCE, pentru c\u0103 asta ar fi \u00eensemnat s\u0103 predea cartea genealogic\u0103 pe care o \u021bine el \u00eensu\u0219i din 2002. Cum drumul spre FCI trece obligatoriu prin organiza\u021bia na\u021bional\u0103 membr\u0103, refuzul acesta a \u00eenchis, practic, poarta interna\u021bional\u0103. Nu e neglijen\u021b\u0103, e o alegere: cresc\u0103torii au preferat controlul asupra propriei popula\u021bii \u00een locul unui num\u0103r de standard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Exist\u0103 totu\u0219i un loc \u00een care rasa e numit\u0103 pe nume \u00eentr-o lege \u00een vigoare \u2014 \u0219i nu e o lege chinologic\u0103. Legea balear\u0103 a v\u00e2n\u0103torii, <strong>Ley 6\/2006<\/strong>, prevede la articolul 34.5 obliga\u021bia autorit\u0103\u021bilor de a sprijini conservarea raselor locale de c\u00e2ini de v\u00e2n\u0103toare, enumerate acolo ca <em>eivissenc, m\u00e8 i rater<\/em>. Administra\u021bia insulei \u0219i-a ap\u0103rat c\u00e2inele cu instrumentul pe care \u00eel avea la \u00eendem\u00e2n\u0103: legea v\u00e2n\u0103torii, \u00een lipsa unei por\u021bi deschise spre federa\u021bia interna\u021bional\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Clubul se nume\u0219te <strong>Club del Ca Rater Mallorqu\u00ed<\/strong> \u2014 prescurtat CEPRAM \u2014 a fost \u00eenfiin\u021bat \u00een 1990 \u0219i recunoscut oficial ca asocia\u021bie de cresc\u0103tori \u00een 2002. Expozi\u021bia monorasial\u0103 are loc \u00een prima duminic\u0103 din decembrie, la Montu\u00efri, unde cresc\u0103torii se adun\u0103 ne\u00eentrerupt \u00eenc\u0103 din 1990, iar examin\u0103rile de reproduc\u021bie se organizeaz\u0103 de dou\u0103 ori pe an, prim\u0103vara \u0219i toamna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rom\u00e2nia a mers pe acela\u0219i drum \u2014 \u0219i l-a dus p\u00e2n\u0103 la cap\u0103t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pentru un cititor rom\u00e2n, drumul acesta nu e o abstrac\u021biune. E o experien\u021b\u0103 tr\u0103it\u0103 \u0219i dus\u0103 la cap\u0103t de patru ori, ultima dat\u0103 chiar acum doi ani.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th>Rasa rom\u00e2neasc\u0103<\/th><th>Nr. standard FCI<\/th><th>Grupa \/ sec\u021biunea<\/th><th>Statut<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Ciob\u0103nesc Rom\u00e2nesc Mioritic<\/td><td>349<\/td><td>Grupa 1, sec\u021biunea 1<\/td><td>Provizoriu 2005, definitiv 2015<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ciob\u0103nesc Rom\u00e2nesc Carpatin<\/td><td>350<\/td><td>Grupa 1, sec\u021biunea 1<\/td><td>Provizoriu 2005, definitiv 2015<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ciob\u0103nesc Rom\u00e2nesc de Bucovina<\/td><td>357<\/td><td>Grupa 2, sec\u021biunea 2.2<\/td><td>Recunoa\u0219tere definitiv\u0103 \u00een 2019<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ciob\u0103nesc Rom\u00e2nesc Corb<\/td><td>373<\/td><td>Grupa 2, sec\u021biunea 2.2<\/td><td>Omologare provizorie, 17 septembrie 2024<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cazul Corbului merit\u0103 subliniat, pentru c\u0103 e proasp\u0103t \u0219i pentru c\u0103 arat\u0103 exact cum arat\u0103 procedura. Comitetul General al FCI a aprobat omologarea interna\u021bional\u0103 <em>provizorie<\/em> a rasei la 17 septembrie 2024, standardul purt\u00e2nd num\u0103rul 373, grupa 2 (Pinscher \u0219i Schnauzer, molosoizi, c\u00e2ini de munte \u0219i de vite), sec\u021biunea 2.2, molosoizi de tip montan, f\u0103r\u0103 prob\u0103 de lucru. Aten\u021bie la cuv\u00e2ntul \u201eprovizoriu&#8221;: rasa a intrat \u00een catalogele de expozi\u021bie \u0219i poate concura, dar treapta final\u0103, recunoa\u0219terea definitiv\u0103, vine dup\u0103 o perioad\u0103 de observa\u021bie. Mioriticul \u0219i Carpatinul au parcurs acela\u0219i traseu, cu zece ani \u00eentre provizoriu (2005) \u0219i definitiv (2015).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Organiza\u021bia care a purtat aceste dosare este <strong>Asocia\u021bia Chinologic\u0103 Rom\u00e2n\u0103 (AChR)<\/strong>, singurul membru al FCI din Rom\u00e2nia, cu sediul la Bucure\u0219ti \u0219i cu o istorie de membru care \u00eencepe \u00eenc\u0103 din perioada interbelic\u0103. Tot AChR \u021bine <strong>Cartea de Origine Rom\u00e2n\u0103<\/strong>, registrul din care se elibereaz\u0103 pedigriurile valabile interna\u021bional.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Regula nescris\u0103: la FCI ajung cei mari \u0219i spectaculo\u0219i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rom\u00e2nia are patru rase omologate. Toate patru sunt <strong>c\u00e2ini mari, de paz\u0103 \u0219i de turm\u0103<\/strong>: Mioriticul l\u0103\u021bos, Carpatinul de munte, Bucovineanul masiv, Corbul negru ca pana corbului. Nicio ras\u0103 mic\u0103, niciun c\u00e2ine de curte, niciun specialist pe roz\u0103toare. Nu pentru c\u0103 rom\u00e2nii n-ar fi avut c\u00e2ini mici prin gospod\u0103rii \u2014 au avut, cu duiumul \u2014 ci pentru c\u0103 un c\u00e2ine mic de lucru nu adun\u0103 \u00een jurul lui nici m\u00e2ndrie na\u021bional\u0103, nici public de expozi\u021bie, nici cresc\u0103tori dispu\u0219i s\u0103 fac\u0103 zece ani de h\u00e2rtii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Exact acela\u0219i tipar, la mii de kilometri distan\u021b\u0103, pe o insul\u0103 din Mediteran\u0103. Mallorca are patru tipuri de c\u00e2ine considerate proprii. Au trecut prin FCI cele dou\u0103 mari \u0219i impun\u0103toare. Au r\u0103mas afar\u0103 l\u0103ga\u0219ul insular \u0219i \u0219oricarul. E o regul\u0103 social\u0103: recunoa\u0219terea interna\u021bional\u0103 cere ani de munc\u0103, iar oamenii dispu\u0219i s-o fac\u0103 se str\u00e2ng \u00een jurul c\u00e2inilor care pot deveni simbol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pentru cititorul rom\u00e2n, morala are \u0219i o parte optimist\u0103. Statutul nu e etern. Corbul era, p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2024, o ras\u0103 \u201elocal\u0103, nerecunoscut\u0103&#8221; \u2014 exact eticheta care i se pune azi ca raterului. A fost nevoie de un club organizat, de o carte genealogic\u0103 \u021binut\u0103 corect \u0219i de o organiza\u021bie na\u021bional\u0103 membr\u0103 FCI care s\u0103 duc\u0103 dosarul mai departe. Ca raterul are primele dou\u0103. \u00cei lipse\u0219te, prin propria alegere, a treia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Puse una l\u00e2ng\u0103 alta, cele dou\u0103 strategii se v\u0103d limpede. Mallorca \u0219i-a scris \u0219oricarul \u00eentr-o lege regional\u0103 a v\u00e2n\u0103torii, ca s\u0103-l \u021bin\u0103 \u00een via\u021b\u0103 acas\u0103. Rom\u00e2nia \u0219i-a dus ciob\u0103ne\u0219tii prin nomenclatorul interna\u021bional, cu AChR purt\u00e2nd dosarele. Prima cale ap\u0103r\u0103 c\u00e2inele \u00een curtea lui; a doua \u00eei deschide lumea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cele patru rase ale Mallorc\u0103i: dou\u0103 \u00een\u0103untru, dou\u0103 afar\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ca de Bou<\/strong> (dogul de Mallorca) \u2014 molosoid puternic, standard FCI nr. 249, recunoa\u0219tere definitiv\u0103 din 1963. C\u00e2inele mare \u0219i spectaculos al insulei.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ca de Bestiar<\/strong> (ciob\u0103nescul mallorchin) \u2014 c\u00e2ine de turm\u0103 negru, standard FCI nr. 321, grupa 1. Tot mare, tot impun\u0103tor, tot \u00een\u0103untru.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ca M\u00e8 Mallorqu\u00ed<\/strong> \u2014 prepelicarul insulei, c\u00e2ine de aret. Nerecunoscut de FCI.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ca Rater Mallorqu\u00ed<\/strong> \u2014 \u0219oricarul, eroul acestui articol. Nerecunoscut de FCI.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Linia de demarca\u021bie e trasat\u0103 cu rigla: peste dou\u0103zeci de kilograme \u0219i cu prezen\u021b\u0103 de scen\u0103 \u2014 \u00een\u0103untru; c\u00e2ine de munc\u0103 m\u0103runt\u0103 \u2014 afar\u0103. Aceea\u0219i linie o reg\u0103sim, cum am v\u0103zut, \u0219i \u00een cazul rom\u00e2nesc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 concret toate acestea pentru un cump\u0103r\u0103tor din Rom\u00e2nia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Traducerea \u00een practic\u0103 e scurt\u0103 \u0219i trebuie spus\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 menajamente: <strong>nu ve\u021bi ob\u021bine niciodat\u0103 un pedigriu AChR pentru un ca rater mallorqu\u00ed<\/strong>. Asocia\u021bia Chinologic\u0103 Rom\u00e2n\u0103, ca membru FCI, elibereaz\u0103 documente de origine doar pentru rasele aflate \u00een nomenclatorul FCI. O ras\u0103 care nu are num\u0103r de standard nu are unde s\u0103 fie \u00eenscris\u0103 \u00een Cartea de Origine Rom\u00e2n\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Aspectul exterior \u0219i standardele rasei<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/651524cc2c3a3-majorca-ratter-dog-training-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"Perro Ratero Mallorqu\u00edn (Ca Rater Mallorqu\u00ed)\" class=\"wp-image-138798\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/651524cc2c3a3-majorca-ratter-dog-training-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/651524cc2c3a3-majorca-ratter-dog-training-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/651524cc2c3a3-majorca-ratter-dog-training-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/651524cc2c3a3-majorca-ratter-dog-training-330x220.jpg 330w, https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/651524cc2c3a3-majorca-ratter-dog-training-420x280.jpg 420w, https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/651524cc2c3a3-majorca-ratter-dog-training-615x410.jpg 615w, https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/651524cc2c3a3-majorca-ratter-dog-training-860x573.jpg 860w, https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/651524cc2c3a3-majorca-ratter-dog-training.jpg 1250w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Perro Ratero Mallorqu\u00edn este un c\u00e2ine de talie mic\u0103, dar cu o constitu\u021bie robust\u0103. Nu arat\u0103 fragil sau ca o &#8222;juc\u0103rie&#8221;. Corpul s\u0103u este propor\u021bionat, musculos, creat pentru reac\u021bii instantanee \u0219i alergare rapid\u0103. Capul c\u00e2inelui aminte\u0219te de forma unui con trunchiat, iar ochii sunt \u00eentuneca\u021bi, expresivi \u0219i plini de inteligen\u021b\u0103, fiind cartea de vizit\u0103 a rasei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O corec\u021bie fa\u021b\u0103 de descrierile curente: ochii nu sunt \u00eentuneca\u021bi, ci rotunzi \u0219i de culoarea chihlimbarului. Blana e scurt\u0103, lipit\u0103 \u0219i <strong>f\u0103r\u0103 subp\u0103r<\/strong> \u2014 detaliu decisiv la capitolul despre iernile rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Principalele caracteristici ale aspectului:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Urechi:<\/strong> Mari, erecte, de form\u0103 triunghiular\u0103. \u00cei confer\u0103 c\u00e2inelui un aspect mereu alert.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Blan\u0103:<\/strong> Scurt\u0103, neted\u0103, bine lipit\u0103 de corp. Foarte pl\u0103cut\u0103 la atingere.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Culoare:<\/strong> Cea mai comun\u0103 este negru cu bronz (black and tan). Mai rar se \u00eent\u00e2lnesc varia\u021bii de maro cu bronz. De asemenea, este admis tricolorul (negru, foc, alb), unde petele de &#8222;foc&#8221; sunt situate pe piept, bot \u0219i spr\u00e2ncene.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th>Caracteristic\u0103<\/th><th>Descrierea standardului<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u00cen\u0103l\u021bime la greab\u0103n<\/td><td>Masculi: 32-36 cm, Femele: 29-33 cm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Greutate<\/td><td>3 &#8211; 5 kg (\u00een func\u021bie de sex \u0219i constitu\u021bie)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Speran\u021ba de via\u021b\u0103<\/td><td>12-15 ani<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u021aara de origine<\/td><td>Spania (Mallorca)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Utilizare<\/td><td>V\u00e2n\u0103toare de roz\u0103toare, companie, paz\u0103<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Coada care lipse\u0219te: bobtail natural, nu cupare<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Una dintre cele mai interesante particularit\u0103\u021bi ale rasei trece de obicei neobservat\u0103, pentru c\u0103 e explicat\u0103 gre\u0219it. Aproximativ <strong>unu din cinci pui se na\u0219te f\u0103r\u0103 coad\u0103 sau cu o coad\u0103 rudimentar\u0103<\/strong>. Este un bobtail natural, o tr\u0103s\u0103tur\u0103 mo\u0219tenit\u0103, nu rezultatul unei interven\u021bii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ne\u00een\u021belegerea are o cauz\u0103 istoric\u0103 perfect logic\u0103: \u00een trecut, cozile se cupau aproape la to\u021bi puii, a\u0219a c\u0103 un ochi neavizat vedea o popula\u021bie \u00eentreag\u0103 de c\u00e2ini f\u0103r\u0103 coad\u0103 \u0219i tr\u0103gea concluzia evident\u0103. Ast\u0103zi cuparea \u00een scop estetic este interzis\u0103 \u00een Uniunea European\u0103, deci un c\u00e2ine adult f\u0103r\u0103 coad\u0103 provenit dintr-o linie corect\u0103 este, cel mai probabil, un bobtail autentic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ce a ar\u0103tat genetica: nu e terrier, de\u0219i arat\u0103 ca unul<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen 2022 a ap\u0103rut un studiu care a schimbat modul corect de a vorbi despre aceast\u0103 ras\u0103. Cercet\u0103torii au analizat markeri microsatelitari pe <strong>77 de probe de p\u0103r recoltate din popula\u021bia de pe Mallorca<\/strong> \u2014 nu o m\u00e2n\u0103 de exemplare de expozi\u021bie, ci un e\u0219antion serios din popula\u021bia real\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Primul rezultat a fost \u0219i cel mai nea\u0219teptat: <strong>rasa nu s-a dovedit \u00eenrudit\u0103 cu terrierii<\/strong>. Teza r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit\u0103 de zeci de ani, potrivit c\u0103reia mallorchinul ar avea \u201es\u00e2nge de terrier britanic&#8221; adus de comercian\u021bi, nu a fost confirmat\u0103. Asem\u0103narea izbitoare \u2014 bot ascu\u021bit, urechi drepte, temperament exploziv, tehnic\u0103 de atac \u2014 este un caz manual de convergen\u021b\u0103: dou\u0103 popula\u021bii de c\u00e2ini crescute pentru aceea\u0219i munc\u0103, \u00een locuri diferite, ajung s\u0103 semene f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 fie rude.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cifrele de diversitate genetic\u0103 arat\u0103 o popula\u021bie s\u0103n\u0103toas\u0103, dar str\u00e2mt\u0103. Heterozigo\u021bia a\u0219teptat\u0103 a fost 0,685, cea observat\u0103 0,655, iar coeficientul de consangvinizare FIS 0,044 \u2014 o valoare mic\u0103, semn c\u0103 \u00eemperecherile sunt gestionate rezonabil. Media alelelor per locus a fost 6,61, iar num\u0103rul efectiv de alele 3,58. Punctul slab e altul: \u00een registrul analizat figurau 363 de animale, dintre care <strong>146 fondatori<\/strong>. O baz\u0103 at\u00e2t de \u00eengust\u0103, combinat\u0103 cu o sc\u0103dere constant\u0103 a num\u0103rului de f\u0103t\u0103ri \u00eencep\u00e2nd din 2011, i-a determinat pe autori s\u0103 recomande explicit un program de conservare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rudele apropiate: valencianul \u0219i bodegueroul andaluz<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th>Rasa<\/th><th>Statut FCI<\/th><th>Talie<\/th><th>Specializare<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Ca Rater Mallorqu\u00ed<\/td><td>Nerecunoscut de FCI<\/td><td>29-36 cm, 3-5 kg<\/td><td>\u0218obolan, iepure, sturzi<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Gos Rater Valenci\u00e0<\/td><td>Standard FCI nr. 370, grupa 3 (terrieri), sec\u021biunea 1, standard din 21.06.2022<\/td><td>Masculi 30-40 cm, femele 29-38 cm, 4-8 kg<\/td><td>\u0218obolan de ap\u0103, iepure, c\u00e2rti\u021b\u0103<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ratonero Bodeguero Andaluz<\/td><td>Standard FCI nr. 371, grupa 3 (terrieri), sec\u021biunea 1, standard din 03.09.2024<\/td><td>Masculi 37-43 cm, femele 35-41 cm, 8-12 kg<\/td><td>Roz\u0103toare \u00een cramele de vin<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Valencianul, cunoscut \u0219i ca Rateret sau Fusterrier, a primit standardul actual \u00een 2022. Bodegueroul andaluz \u2014 numit \u0219i terrier andaluz sau sherry terrier \u2014 a fost omologat \u00een septembrie 2024, devenind a paisprezecea ras\u0103 spaniol\u0103 recunoscut\u0103 de FCI. La el, spre deosebire de mallorchin, filia\u021bia britanic\u0103 chiar e documentat\u0103: provine din linii de foxterier cu p\u0103r scurt aduse \u00een Andaluzia de companiile britanice de comer\u021b cu vin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Observa\u021bi ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 asta pe axa timpului: <strong>acum cinci ani, to\u021bi trei \u0219oricarii iberici erau nerecunoscu\u021bi<\/strong>. Doi au trecut, unul a r\u0103mas. Iar la omologare, FCI a redenumit ambele rase \u00eemping\u00e2ndu-le spre cuv\u00e2ntul \u201eterrier&#8221;, ceea ce spune ceva \u0219i despre modul \u00een care se face \u00eencadrarea interna\u021bional\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Temperamentul \u0219i caracterul \u0219oricarului de Mallorca<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"765\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/ratonero_mallorquin-1_cropped-1024x765.jpg\" alt=\"Perro Ratero Mallorqu\u00edn (Ca Rater Mallorqu\u00ed) \u2014 Temperamentul \u0219i caracterul \u0219oricarului de Mallorca\" class=\"wp-image-138675\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.3386120863524316;width:530px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/ratonero_mallorquin-1_cropped-1024x765.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/ratonero_mallorquin-1_cropped-300x224.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/ratonero_mallorquin-1_cropped-768x574.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/ratonero_mallorquin-1_cropped-860x643.jpg 860w, https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/ratonero_mallorquin-1_cropped.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dac\u0103 crede\u021bi c\u0103 dimensiunea mic\u0103 \u00eenseamn\u0103 timiditate, Perro Ratero Mallorqu\u00edn va spulbera rapid acest mit. Este un <strong>c\u00e2ine cu personalitate<\/strong>. Acas\u0103, \u00een cercul familiei, sunt incredibil de afectuo\u0219i, ador\u0103 contactul tactil \u0219i adesea \u00ee\u0219i aleg o singur\u0103 persoan\u0103 pe care o consider\u0103 &#8222;a lor&#8221;. Totu\u0219i, imediat ce trec pragul casei, se activeaz\u0103 modul de &#8222;v\u00e2n\u0103tor&#8221; sau &#8222;paznic&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Formula care descrie cel mai bine caracterul e \u201eun ghem de nervi bine legat&#8221;. Nu e un c\u00e2ine anxios, nu tremur\u0103 \u0219i nu se ascunde dup\u0103 picioarele st\u0103p\u00e2nului. Dar nu-l \u00eencape locul: scaneaz\u0103 permanent mediul, verific\u0103 zgomotele, \u00ee\u0219i bag\u0103 nasul peste tot \u0219i reac\u021bioneaz\u0103 c\u00e2t ai zice pe\u0219te. Un \u0219obolan care se ap\u0103r\u0103 mu\u0219c\u0103, deci selec\u021bia a mers, secole la r\u00e2nd, spre curaj \u0219i spre viteza de decizie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trebuie men\u021bionat\u0103 ne\u00eencrederea lor fa\u021b\u0103 de str\u0103ini. Spre deosebire de unele rase decorative care se bucur\u0103 la vederea oricui, mallorquinul va evalua mai \u00eent\u00e2i situa\u021bia. Aceast\u0103 tr\u0103s\u0103tur\u0103 \u00eel apropie de un alt reprezentant al terrierilor spanioli &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/tvaryny.com\/ro\/breed-andalusian-ratonero\">Ratonero Andaluz<\/a>, care este de asemenea cunoscut pentru abilit\u0103\u021bile sale de paz\u0103, \u00een ciuda gabaritului modest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-heading wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Instinctul de v\u00e2n\u0103toare<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nu trebuie s\u0103 uit\u0103m destina\u021bia ini\u021bial\u0103 a rasei. Instinctul de urm\u0103rire este extrem de dezvoltat la ei. Orice obiect mobil de dimensiuni mici (veveri\u021b\u0103, \u0219oarece, uneori chiar pisica vecinului) va fi perceput ca o \u021bint\u0103. \u00cen acest aspect, ei sunt adesea compara\u021bi cu terrierii de lucru britanici. De exemplu, drive-ul lor aminte\u0219te foarte mult de <a href=\"https:\/\/tvaryny.com\/ro\/breed-patterdale-terrier\">Patterdale Terrier<\/a>, care se arunc\u0103 la fel de ne\u00eenfricat \u00een lupt\u0103, indiferent de obstacole. Proprietarii trebuie s\u0103 fie aten\u021bi \u00een timpul plimb\u0103rilor f\u0103r\u0103 les\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Munca pentru care a fost f\u0103cut: hambar, grajd, moar\u0103, teasc de ulei<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ca s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegem c\u00e2inele, intr\u0103m \u00een cl\u0103direa \u00een care a muncit. Gospod\u0103ria mallorchin\u0103 tradi\u021bional\u0103 \u2014 <em>possessi\u00f3<\/em> \u2014 avea magazie de cereale, grajd, moar\u0103 \u0219i teasc de ulei; peste tot unde se str\u00e2nge gr\u00e2u, orz sau turt\u0103 de m\u0103sline apar roz\u0103toarele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e2inele era trimis <strong>sub podea, \u00eentre saci \u0219i \u00een cr\u0103p\u0103turile zidurilor de piatr\u0103<\/strong>. De aici vine talia: nu e mic pentru c\u0103 a fost miniaturizat de dragul modei, ci pentru c\u0103 un c\u00e2ine mai mare pur \u0219i simplu nu intra acolo. Fiecare centimetru \u00een plus l-ar fi f\u0103cut inutil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Condi\u021biile de lucru explic\u0103 restul caracterului. Se lucra \u00een \u00eentuneric, deci mirosul \u0219i auzul contau mai mult dec\u00e2t vederea. Se lucra singur, deci comanda omului era irelevant\u0103. \u0218i se lucra \u00eempotriva unui adversar care se ap\u0103r\u0103: un \u0219obolan \u00eencol\u021bit sare la fa\u021b\u0103 \u0219i mu\u0219c\u0103. Un c\u00e2ine care ezit\u0103 nu prinde nimic \u0219i nici nu supravie\u021buie\u0219te prea multe sezoane. Selec\u021bia a fost, la propriu, o selec\u021bie pe curaj.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nu doar \u0219obolani: iepurele, tehnica \u201ebuidar&#8221; \u0219i sturzii<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Roz\u0103toarele au fost meseria de baz\u0103, dar nu singura: ca raterul a fost folosit \u0219i la iepure, la arici \u0219i, poate cel mai surprinz\u0103tor, la <strong>sturzi<\/strong> \u2014 p\u0103s\u0103ri pe care le scotea din tufi\u0219urile joase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tehnica lui la iepure poart\u0103 \u00een catalan\u0103 numele de <em>buidar<\/em>, adic\u0103 \u201ea goli&#8221;. Nu e o urm\u0103rire \u00een c\u00e2mp deschis. C\u00e2inele intr\u0103 \u00een desi\u0219 \u0219i <strong>\u00eempinge v\u00e2natul afar\u0103<\/strong>, c\u0103tre v\u00e2n\u0103tor, \u00een loc s\u0103-l fug\u0103reasc\u0103 pe distan\u021be lungi. E exact opusul lucrului unui c\u00e2ine de tip podenco, cum e ibizanul, care alearg\u0103 la vedere pe teren deschis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Distinc\u021bia asta e util\u0103 \u0219i pentru cine \u021bine c\u00e2inele \u00een ora\u0219. Un ca rater nu are anduran\u021ba unui alerg\u0103tor de fond, are explozie pe distan\u021be scurte. Diferen\u021ba se vede clar dac\u0103 \u00eel compar\u0103m cu urm\u0103ritorii mari: <a href=\"https:\/\/tvaryny.com\/ro\/breed-otterhound\">Otterhound-ul<\/a> este un urm\u0103ritor mare \u0219i rezistent, conceput pentru lucrul \u00een ap\u0103 \u0219i pe terenuri grele, \u00een timp ce mallorchinul e sprinter \u0219i c\u00e2ine de vizuin\u0103. Sarcina lui e atacul instantaneu, nu maratonul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Perechea de la posesie: \u0219oricarul \u0219i ciob\u0103nescul mallorchin<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Exist\u0103 un am\u0103nunt etnografic care schimb\u0103 complet felul \u00een care privim l\u0103tratul acestei rase. Pe Mallorca, ca raterul nu lucra izolat, ci <strong>\u00een tandem cu ca de bestiar<\/strong>, ciob\u0103nescul negru al insulei. \u00cemp\u0103r\u021birea sarcinilor era clar\u0103: c\u00e2inele mare p\u0103zea \u0219i, la nevoie, intervenea; c\u00e2inele mic era cel care anun\u021ba, primul, orice apropiere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cu alte cuvinte, glasul ascu\u021bit al ca raterului nu e un viciu ap\u0103rut din plictiseal\u0103, ci <strong>raportul de serviciu al unui angajat cu vechime<\/strong>. C\u00e2inele care latr\u0103 la poart\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i face treaba pentru care a fost ales, genera\u021bie dup\u0103 genera\u021bie. Asta nu \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 trebuie s\u0103-l suporta\u021bi \u00eentr-un bloc cu pere\u021bi sub\u021biri, dar \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 \u00eel educa\u021bi altfel: nu \u00eei interzice\u021bi semnalul, \u00eei limita\u021bi durata.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cine \u021binea \u0219obolanii sub control \u00een gospod\u0103ria rom\u00e2neasc\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pune\u021bi-v\u0103 \u00eentrebarea simplu: \u00een hambarul, grajdul, \u0219ura, p\u0103tulul de porumb \u0219i podul unei case de la \u021bar\u0103, cine se ocupa de roz\u0103toare \u00eenainte de deratizarea organizat\u0103?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u0103spunsul e format din dou\u0103 animale, \u0219i niciunul nu e o ras\u0103. Primul e <strong>pisica<\/strong> \u2014 angajatul principal, tolerat \u00een cas\u0103 exact pentru asta. Al doilea e <strong>c\u00e2inele de curte f\u0103r\u0103 ras\u0103<\/strong>, dul\u0103ul mic \u0219i iste\u021b al gospod\u0103riei, care prindea \u0219oareci nu pentru c\u0103 fusese \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat, ci pentru c\u0103 \u00eei f\u0103cea pl\u0103cere. Exact aceea\u0219i selec\u021bie spontan\u0103 ca pe Mallorca: gospodarul p\u0103stra c\u0103\u021belul care prindea. Diferen\u021ba e c\u0103 la noi n-a existat niciodat\u0103 un club, o carte genealogic\u0103 sau cineva care s\u0103 scrie un standard \u2014 a\u0219a c\u0103 tipul acesta de c\u00e2ine a r\u0103mas tip, nu a cristalizat \u00een ras\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rasele autohtone rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti care <em>au<\/em> ajuns rase sunt, toate, c\u00e2ini de spa\u021biu: ciob\u0103ne\u0219ti mari, f\u0103cu\u021bi pentru turm\u0103, munte \u0219i distan\u021be. Nicio ras\u0103 rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 mic\u0103 de lucru nu a existat vreodat\u0103 \u2014 \u0219i e important s\u0103 spunem asta cinstit, pentru c\u0103 e exact r\u0103spunsul la \u00eentrebarea \u201ede ce nu avem noi un ca rater al nostru?&#8221;. Nu pentru c\u0103 n-am fi avut nevoie de el, ci pentru c\u0103 ni\u0219a a fost acoperit\u0103 informal, de pisic\u0103 \u0219i de javra din curte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0218i, ca s\u0103 \u00eenchidem paralela: <strong>c\u00e2inele mare legat l\u00e2ng\u0103 poart\u0103 plus c\u0103\u021belu\u0219a m\u0103runt\u0103 care simte oaspetele primul<\/strong> \u2014 combina\u021bia asta a existat \u00een mii de cur\u021bi rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti. E fix perechea mallorchin\u0103 ratter + ca de bestiar. Noi n-am numit-o niciodat\u0103 ras\u0103; ei au numit-o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ce umple ast\u0103zi ni\u0219a \u0219oricarului \u00een Rom\u00e2nia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dac\u0103 r\u0103sfoi\u021bi presa rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 de profil, ve\u021bi g\u0103si periodic articole cu titluri de genul \u201erasele de c\u00e2ini care alung\u0103 \u0219obolanii din curte&#8221;. Lista e mereu aceea\u0219i \u0219i e format\u0103 exclusiv din rase de import: <strong>jack russell terrier<\/strong>, <strong>foxterier<\/strong>, <strong>pinscher pitic<\/strong>, <strong>yorkshire terrier<\/strong>, uneori <strong>border terrier<\/strong> sau pinscherul german.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Formula cea mai util\u0103 pentru un cititor rom\u00e2n care \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103-\u0219i imagineze rasa noastr\u0103 e chiar aceasta: <strong>imagina\u021bi-v\u0103 un jack russell de la \u021bar\u0103, numai c\u0103 mai u\u0219or, mai sub\u021bire \u0219i mai g\u0103l\u0103gios<\/strong>. Aceea\u0219i energie, acela\u0219i reflex, aceea\u0219i \u00eenc\u0103p\u0103\u021b\u00e2nare simpatic\u0103 \u2014 la o construc\u021bie mai fin\u0103 \u0219i cu urechi drepte \u00een loc de urechi pliate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Instinctul de v\u00e2n\u0103toare \u00een ora\u0219: ce trebuie s\u0103 \u0219ti\u021bi dinainte<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Reflexul la mi\u0219care m\u0103runt\u0103 se declan\u0219eaz\u0103 <strong>mai repede dec\u00e2t comanda dumneavoastr\u0103<\/strong>. Un porumbel care \u00ee\u0219i ia zborul de pe alee, o veveri\u021b\u0103 \u00een parcul Her\u0103str\u0103u, o pisic\u0103 ce o ia la s\u0103n\u0103toasa, hamsterul copilului vecinului \u2014 toate activeaz\u0103 acela\u0219i circuit, iar circuitul e mai vechi dec\u00e2t orice dresaj. Nu vorbim de neascultare, ci de vitez\u0103 de reac\u021bie: pur \u0219i simplu c\u00e2inele a pornit deja c\u00e2nd dumneavoastr\u0103 abia deschide\u021bi gura.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Al doilea capitol nepl\u0103cut e <strong>s\u0103patul \u0219i strecuratul<\/strong>. Un c\u00e2ine care intra \u00een cr\u0103p\u0103turile zidurilor de piatr\u0103 trateaz\u0103 un gard cu ochiul unui specialist. Gardul \u201ecare pare \u00een regul\u0103&#8221; nu e \u00een regul\u0103. Verificarea corect\u0103 se face jos, la nivelul solului, pe toat\u0103 lungimea, plus o bordur\u0103 \u00eengropat\u0103 acolo unde p\u0103m\u00e2ntul e moale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Al treilea: <strong>roz\u0103toarele de companie sunt, pentru acest c\u00e2ine, prad\u0103 profesional\u0103<\/strong>. Hamsterul, cobaiul, cincila, iepurele pitic \u0219i papagalul nu sunt o problem\u0103 de educa\u021bie, ci una de inginerie: u\u0219i care se \u00eenchid, colivii pe suporturi stabile, camere separate, reguli respectate de toat\u0103 familia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dresaj \u0219i educa\u021bie: abordarea personalit\u0103\u021bii<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"771\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/gallery-223253-1536x1156-1-1024x771.jpg\" alt=\"Perro Ratero Mallorqu\u00edn (Ca Rater Mallorqu\u00ed) \u2014 Dresaj \u0219i educa\u021bie: abordarea personalit\u0103\u021bii\" class=\"wp-image-138720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/gallery-223253-1536x1156-1-1024x771.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/gallery-223253-1536x1156-1-300x226.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/gallery-223253-1536x1156-1-768x578.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/gallery-223253-1536x1156-1-860x647.jpg 860w, https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/gallery-223253-1536x1156-1.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ace\u0219ti c\u00e2ini sunt inteligen\u021bi, dar pot fi \u00eenc\u0103p\u0103\u021b\u00e2na\u021bi. Metodele standard de &#8222;drill&#8221; nu func\u021bioneaz\u0103 aici. Mallorquinul trebuie s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 de ce execut\u0103 o comand\u0103. Cea mai bun\u0103 metod\u0103 este \u00eent\u0103rirea pozitiv\u0103 \u0219i \u00eenv\u0103\u021barea prin joc. Ei exceleaz\u0103 la agility, unde \u00ee\u0219i pot valorifica viteza \u0219i manevrabilitatea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-regular\"><table><thead><tr><th>Tip de activitate<\/th><th>Frecven\u021ba recomandat\u0103<\/th><th>Not\u0103<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Plimb\u0103ri<\/td><td>2-3 ori pe zi<\/td><td>Minim 45 de minute de mi\u0219care activ\u0103<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Agility \/ Sport<\/td><td>1-2 ori pe s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103<\/td><td>Ideal pentru desc\u0103rcare mental\u0103<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Jocuri de c\u0103utare<\/td><td>Zilnic acas\u0103<\/td><td>Ajut\u0103 la realizarea instinctului de v\u00e2n\u0103toare<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u0103tratul: o calitate de lucru, nu un defect de educa\u021bie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u0103tratul se corecteaz\u0103, dar nu dispare \u2014 cine cump\u0103r\u0103 un ca rater sper\u00e2nd la un c\u00e2ine t\u0103cut a ales prost rasa. Ce ajut\u0103: o comand\u0103 care \u00eencheie seria dup\u0103 dou\u0103-trei semnale \u0219i eliminarea declan\u0219atorilor vizuali de la geam sau de la u\u0219\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ce nu func\u021bioneaz\u0103: strigatul la c\u00e2ine, care \u00een percep\u021bia lui \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 a\u021bi \u00eenceput \u0219i dumneavoastr\u0103 s\u0103 l\u0103tra\u021bi; \u0219i zg\u0103rzile care pedepsesc automat, care rezolv\u0103 simptomul \u0219i mut\u0103 problema \u00een alt\u0103 parte. Zicala noastr\u0103 spune c\u0103 cine latr\u0103 nu mu\u0219c\u0103; la rasa asta, mai degrab\u0103 cine latr\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i face datoria. E bine s\u0103 nu facem din \u021b\u00e2n\u021bar arm\u0103sar, dar e la fel de bine s\u0103 \u0219tim dinainte c\u0103 vecinii de palier vor avea o p\u0103rere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00centre\u021binere \u0219i \u00eengrijire<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"428\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/1.jpg\" alt=\"Perro Ratero Mallorqu\u00edn (Ca Rater Mallorqu\u00ed) \u2014 \u00centre\u021binere \u0219i \u00eengrijire\" class=\"wp-image-138660\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/1.jpg 600w, https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/1-300x214.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Unul dintre cele mai mari avantaje ale acestei rase este simplitatea \u00eengrijirii. Blana scurt\u0103 nu necesit\u0103 toaletare profesional\u0103, trimming sau proceduri complicate. Este suficient s\u0103 \u0219terge\u021bi c\u00e2inele o dat\u0103 pe s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 cu o m\u0103nu\u0219\u0103 special\u0103 penru a \u00eendep\u0103rta firele moarte. Totu\u0219i, merit\u0103 re\u021binut c\u0103, din cauza lipsei subp\u0103rului, ace\u0219tia tolereaz\u0103 greu frigul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Nuan\u021be ale \u00eengrijirii iarna:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Prezen\u021ba obligatorie a hainelor c\u0103lduroase (combinezon sau pulover).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Scurtarea timpului de plimbare \u00een timpul gerurilor puternice.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Protejarea l\u0103bu\u021belor de reactivi cu o cear\u0103 special\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Inversiunea climatic\u0103: de la Mallorca la iarna rom\u00e2neasc\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aceasta este, pentru un proprietar din Rom\u00e2nia, cea mai important\u0103 informa\u021bie practic\u0103 din tot articolul, iar ea se deduce din trei date pe care le-am dat deja: <strong>blan\u0103 scurt\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 subp\u0103r<\/strong>, <strong>f\u0103r\u0103 strat de gr\u0103sime<\/strong>, <strong>patru kilograme<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rasa s-a format \u00eentr-un climat mediteranean, unde iarna \u00eenseamn\u0103 ploaie \u0219i c\u00e2teva grade peste zero, nu ger. Rom\u00e2nia are o iarn\u0103 continental\u0103: geruri de minus zece, minus dou\u0103zeci de grade \u00een Moldova \u0219i \u00een B\u0103r\u0103gan, v\u00e2nt t\u0103ios, viscol, z\u0103pad\u0103 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni la r\u00e2nd. Raportul dintre suprafa\u021ba corpului \u0219i masa lui, la un c\u00e2ine at\u00e2t de mic, face ca pierderea de c\u0103ldur\u0103 s\u0103 fie brutal\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Concluzia nu admite nuan\u021be: <strong>\u021binerea afar\u0103, \u00een curte, iarna, este exclus\u0103<\/strong>. Nu \u201enu e ideal&#8221;, ci exclus. Nicio cu\u0219c\u0103 izolat\u0103, niciun paie \u00een plus \u0219i niciun perete de sc\u00e2ndur\u0103 nu compenseaz\u0103 lipsa subp\u0103rului la un animal de trei-cinci kilograme. Cine are nevoie de un c\u00e2ine care doarme afar\u0103 iarna trebuie s\u0103 aleag\u0103 alt\u0103 ras\u0103 \u2014 sau, de ce nu, chiar unul dintre ciob\u0103ne\u0219tii no\u0219tri, f\u0103cu\u021bi exact pentru asta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vara rom\u00e2neasc\u0103, \u00een schimb, \u00eei prie\u0219te<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Partea bun\u0103 a aceleia\u0219i monede: canicula de la noi nu-l sperie. Un c\u00e2ine format pe o insul\u0103 mediteranean\u0103, cu blan\u0103 scurt\u0103 \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 mas\u0103 corporal\u0103 de \u00eenc\u0103lzit, suport\u0103 vara din sudul Rom\u00e2niei mult mai u\u0219or dec\u00e2t un ciob\u0103nesc l\u0103\u021bos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u0103n\u0103tate \u0219i particularit\u0103\u021bi genetice<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/fotos-ca-rater-14.jpg\" alt=\"Perro Ratero Mallorqu\u00edn (Ca Rater Mallorqu\u00ed) \u2014 S\u0103n\u0103tate \u0219i particularit\u0103\u021bi genetice\" class=\"wp-image-138705\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/fotos-ca-rater-14.jpg 640w, https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/fotos-ca-rater-14-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Perro Ratero Mallorqu\u00edn este o ras\u0103 aborigen\u0103 care s-a format \u00een condi\u021bii de selec\u021bie natural\u0103 dur\u0103. Acest lucru le-a oferit o imunitate puternic\u0103. Rareori sufer\u0103 de alergii alimentare, care sunt flagelul multor rase moderne. Totu\u0219i, ca orice fiin\u021b\u0103 vie, exist\u0103 puncte slabe despre care proprietarul poate s\u0103 nu \u0219tie f\u0103r\u0103 o preg\u0103tire prealabil\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aici e nevoie de o precizare metodologic\u0103 pe care pu\u021bine materiale o fac. Nimeni nu a studiat sistematic aceast\u0103 ras\u0103 pu\u021bin numeroas\u0103, a\u0219a c\u0103 pentru ea nu exist\u0103 o list\u0103 a bolilor ereditare \u2014 este o lips\u0103 de date, nu o dovad\u0103 de s\u0103n\u0103tate. Formula corect\u0103 nu este \u201enu se \u00eemboln\u0103ve\u0219te de nimic&#8221;, ci <strong>\u201enimeni nu a studiat sistematic&#8221;<\/strong>. Absen\u021ba datelor nu e acela\u0219i lucru cu absen\u021ba problemelor, iar diferen\u021ba asta conteaz\u0103 pentru cine cump\u0103r\u0103 un pui.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Problemele specifice pot include luxa\u021bia rotulei (patela) &#8211; o problem\u0103 tipic\u0103 pentru rasele mici. Controalele regulate la veterinar permit detectarea problemei \u00eentr-un stadiu incipient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bolile \u0219oricarului: ce risc\u0103 un c\u00e2ine care prinde prad\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Leptospiroza<\/strong> e prima pe list\u0103 \u0219i e legat\u0103 direct de \u0219obolani. Bacteria se elimin\u0103 prin urina roz\u0103toarelor, iar contaminarea se face nu doar prin contact direct cu prada, ci \u0219i prin ap\u0103 st\u0103tut\u0103, b\u0103ltoace \u0219i sol umed. \u00cen Rom\u00e2nia boala apare sporadic, e considerat\u0103 subdiagnosticat\u0103 \u0219i subraportat\u0103, iar v\u00e2rfurile se coreleaz\u0103 cu perioadele ploioase \u0219i cu inunda\u021biile. Vaccinarea exist\u0103 \u0219i, pentru un c\u00e2ine cu acest stil de via\u021b\u0103, e o discu\u021bie serioas\u0103 cu medicul veterinar, nu o formalitate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Rabia<\/strong> r\u0103m\u00e2ne relevant\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia. Vaccinarea antirabic\u0103 este obligatorie prin lege pentru c\u00e2ini, se face dup\u0103 microcipare, de la v\u00e2rsta de trei luni, iar campania na\u021bional\u0103 la c\u00e2ini se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 din octombrie. \u00cen paralel, ANSVSA deruleaz\u0103 de ani buni campanii de vaccinare oral\u0103 a vulpilor, prim\u0103vara \u0219i toamna, prin distribu\u021bie aerian\u0103 \u0219i manual\u0103 de momeli \u2014 tocmai pentru ca \u021bara s\u0103 ajung\u0103 la statutul de indemn\u0103 de rabie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u0103pu\u0219ele \u0219i babesioza<\/strong> \u00eencheie lista \u0219i sunt, poate, cea mai concret\u0103 amenin\u021bare rom\u00e2neasc\u0103. Babesioza canin\u0103 e transmis\u0103 de c\u0103pu\u0219e, se r\u0103sp\u00e2nde\u0219te tot mai mult la noi, iar \u00een ultimii ani a \u00eencetat s\u0103 mai fie strict sezonier\u0103 \u2014 se diagnosticheaz\u0103 cazuri inclusiv iarna. Riscul nu depinde de p\u0103dure: o curte cu iarb\u0103 \u00eenalt\u0103 e suficient\u0103. Un c\u00e2ine mic care se bag\u0103 \u00een tufe are nevoie de protec\u021bie antiparazitar\u0103 extern\u0103 tot anul, nu doar din mai p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een septembrie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Otr\u0103virea secundar\u0103 cu rodenticide: riscul despre care nu vorbe\u0219te nimeni<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rodenticidele anticoagulante folosite la deratizare nu ucid roz\u0103toarele pe loc; ele blocheaz\u0103 coagularea, iar animalul otr\u0103vit mai tr\u0103ie\u0219te c\u00e2teva zile \u2014 timp \u00een care devine \u00eencet, dezorientat \u0219i, prin urmare, o prad\u0103 u\u0219oar\u0103 exact pentru un c\u00e2ine ca al nostru. Otrava trece astfel \u00een organismul c\u00e2inelui la m\u00e2na a doua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Partea cea mai periculoas\u0103 e <strong>\u00eent\u00e2rzierea<\/strong>. Semnele nu apar imediat, ci dup\u0103 c\u00e2teva zile, c\u00e2nd rezervele de factori de coagulare se epuizeaz\u0103: apatie brusc\u0103, gingii palide, s\u00e2nger\u0103ri din nas, v\u00e2n\u0103t\u0103i sub piele, s\u00e2nge \u00een urin\u0103 sau \u00een scaun, respira\u021bie grea dac\u0103 s\u00e2ngerarea e intern\u0103. Proprietarul, care a uitat de mult episodul cu \u0219obolanul, nu face leg\u0103tura.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Regula practic\u0103 e simpl\u0103 \u0219i merit\u0103 pus\u0103 pe frigider: <strong>dac\u0103 b\u0103nui\u021bi c\u0103 a m\u00e2ncat un roz\u0103tor \u00eentr-o zon\u0103 deratizat\u0103, merge\u021bi la veterinar imediat, nu c\u00e2nd apar simptomele<\/strong>. Exist\u0103 antidot, iar tratamentul \u00eenceput devreme func\u021bioneaz\u0103. \u00cen Rom\u00e2nia deratiz\u0103rile programate \u00een ora\u0219e, la asocia\u021biile de proprietari, \u00een pie\u021be \u0219i \u00een jurul depozitelor sunt frecvente, iar anun\u021burile nu sunt \u00eentotdeauna vizibile la timp \u2014 motiv \u00een plus s\u0103 nu l\u0103sa\u021bi c\u00e2inele s\u0103 scormoneasc\u0103 liber prin zonele de subsol \u0219i \u00een spatele blocurilor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ce spune legea rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 despre un c\u00e2ine de patru kilograme<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>OUG nr. 55\/2002 privind regimul de de\u021binere al c\u00e2inilor periculo\u0219i sau agresivi<\/strong> \u00eemparte c\u00e2inii periculo\u0219i \u00een dou\u0103 categorii. Categoria I cuprinde c\u00e2inii de lupt\u0103 \u0219i de atac asimila\u021bi prin caractere morfologice cu tipurile Pit Bull, Boerbuil, Bandog \u0219i meti\u0219ii lor. Categoria a II-a enumer\u0103 nominal rase: American Staffordshire Terrier, Tosa, Rottweiler, Dog Argentinian, Mastino Napolitano, Fila Brasileiro, Mastiff, Ciob\u0103nesc Caucazian, Cane Corso \u0219i meti\u0219ii lor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ca raterul mallorchin nu figureaz\u0103 acolo \u0219i nici nu avea cum s\u0103 figureze \u2014 listele acestea sunt construite \u00een jurul molosoizilor \u0219i al c\u00e2inilor de lupt\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Dar<\/strong> \u2014 \u0219i aici e partea pe care proprietarii de c\u00e2ini mici o ignor\u0103 \u2014 aceea\u0219i ordonan\u021b\u0103 define\u0219te separat no\u021biunea de <em>c\u00e2ine agresiv<\/em>, iar defini\u021bia nu se uit\u0103 deloc la ras\u0103 sau la greutate. Potrivit art. 2, prin c\u00e2ini agresivi se \u00een\u021belege, \u00eentre altele, \u201eorice c\u00e2ine care, f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 fie provocat, mu\u0219c\u0103 sau atac\u0103 persoane ori animale domestice \u00een locuri publice sau private&#8221;. Citi\u021bi \u00eenc\u0103 o dat\u0103: <strong>animale domestice<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cu alte cuvinte, c\u00e2inele nostru de patru kilograme care omoar\u0103 iepurele de cas\u0103 al vecinului sau o g\u0103in\u0103 din curtea al\u0103turat\u0103 se \u00eencadreaz\u0103, prin comportament, exact \u00een defini\u021bia legal\u0103 a c\u00e2inelui agresiv \u2014 indiferent c\u00e2t c\u00e2nt\u0103re\u0219te \u0219i indiferent c\u0103 nu apare pe nicio list\u0103 de rase. Iar consecin\u021bele administrative nu sunt neglijabile: ordonan\u021ba prevede, pentru de\u021bin\u0103torii viza\u021bi, obliga\u021bii precum \u00eenregistrarea la Asocia\u021bia Chinologic\u0103 Rom\u00e2n\u0103 \u0219i inscrip\u021bionarea vizibil\u0103 a unui avertisment \u201eC\u00e2ine periculos&#8221; sau, dup\u0103 caz, \u201eC\u00e2ine agresiv&#8221;, printr-o pl\u0103cu\u021b\u0103 de cel pu\u021bin 15 \u00d7 25 cm la intrarea \u00een proprietate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A doua norm\u0103 care conteaz\u0103 e <strong>Legea nr. 205\/2004 privind protec\u021bia animalelor<\/strong>. Articolul 5 oblig\u0103 de\u021bin\u0103torul s\u0103 asigure animalului \u201eun ad\u0103post corespunz\u0103tor, hran\u0103 \u0219i ap\u0103 suficiente, posibilitatea de mi\u0219care suficient\u0103, \u00eengrijire \u0219i aten\u021bie, asisten\u021b\u0103 medical\u0103&#8221;. Pentru majoritatea raselor formula sun\u0103 generic. Pentru un c\u00e2ine selectat sute de ani s\u0103 lucreze, sintagma <em>posibilitatea de mi\u0219care suficient\u0103<\/em> se cite\u0219te literal: un \u0219oricar \u00eenchis toat\u0103 ziua \u00een dou\u0103 camere, f\u0103r\u0103 activitate \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 ocupa\u021bie, nu e doar un c\u00e2ine nefericit \u2014 e un c\u00e2ine \u021binut sub standardul legal minim. Iar \u201ead\u0103post corespunz\u0103tor&#8221;, pentru o ras\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 subp\u0103r, \u00eenseamn\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia o camer\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103lzit\u0103, nu o cu\u0219c\u0103 \u00een curte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Microcip, RECS \u0219i vaccinarea antirabic\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pentru o ras\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 pedigriu FCI, documentele care conteaz\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia sunt cele sanitar-veterinare, nu cele chinologice. Vestea bun\u0103 e c\u0103 ele se ob\u021bin f\u0103r\u0103 nicio dificultate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Microciparea este obligatorie pentru to\u021bi c\u00e2inii<\/strong>, indiferent de ras\u0103, iar identificarea se completeaz\u0103 cu \u00eenscrierea \u00een <strong>RECS \u2014 Registrul de Eviden\u021b\u0103 a C\u00e2inilor cu St\u0103p\u00e2n<\/strong>. Cadrul e dat de OUG nr. 155\/2001, completat\u0103 prin Legea nr. 60\/2003, iar procedura concret\u0103 e reglementat\u0103 prin Ordinul ANSVSA nr. 1\/2014. Cipul trebuie s\u0103 respecte standardul ISO 11784\/11785. Termenele legale sunt de maximum patru luni de la f\u0103tare pentru puii n\u0103scu\u021bi \u00een gospod\u0103rie \u0219i de maximum treizeci de zile de la achizi\u021bie sau adop\u021bie pentru un animal care nu era deja microcipat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Alimenta\u021bia: cum s\u0103 nu supraalimenta\u021bi atletul<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"540\" height=\"343\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/ca-rater-mallorqui-4.jpg\" alt=\"Perro Ratero Mallorqu\u00edn (Ca Rater Mallorqu\u00ed) \u2014 Alimenta\u021bia: cum s\u0103 nu supraalimenta\u021bi atletul\" class=\"wp-image-138735\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/ca-rater-mallorqui-4.jpg 540w, https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/ca-rater-mallorqui-4-300x191.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mallorquinii au un apetit excelent. Datorit\u0103 hiperactivit\u0103\u021bii lor, metabolismul func\u021bioneaz\u0103 rapid, dar la sc\u0103derea efortului (de exemplu, iarna sau la o v\u00e2rst\u0103 \u00eenaintat\u0103) sunt predispu\u0219i la cre\u0219terea rapid\u0103 \u00een greutate. Obezitatea pentru un c\u00e2ine de o asemenea constitu\u021bie este critic\u0103, deoarece pune o presiune uria\u0219\u0103 pe membrele sub\u021biri \u0219i pe inim\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Se recomand\u0103 utilizarea hranei din clasa premium \u0219i super-premium pentru rasele mici cu activitate ridicat\u0103. Dac\u0103 alege\u021bi alimenta\u021bia natural\u0103, ra\u021bia ar trebui s\u0103 fie compus\u0103 \u00een propor\u021bie de 60-70% din carne de calitate (vit\u0103, curcan, iepure).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cu cine se potrive\u0219te \u0219i cu cine nu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>I se potrive\u0219te:<\/strong> omului activ, care iese oricum zilnic; familiei cu copii de peste \u0219ase-\u0219apte ani, care \u00een\u021beleg regulile; celui care are cas\u0103 la \u021bar\u0103 sau la marginea ora\u0219ului \u0219i chiar are nevoie de un c\u00e2ine care \u021bine roz\u0103toarele la distan\u021b\u0103; pasiona\u021bilor de agility \u0219i de sporturi canine; persoanelor care apreciaz\u0103 un c\u00e2ine cu caracter \u0219i nu caut\u0103 un animal decorativ ascult\u0103tor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Nu i se potrive\u0219te:<\/strong> celui care lucreaz\u0103 dou\u0103sprezece ore pe zi \u0219i vrea un c\u00e2ine care st\u0103 cuminte \u00een apartament; familiilor cu copii foarte mici; celor cu hamsteri, cincile, iepuri pitici sau papagali \u00een libertate prin cas\u0103; oamenilor care nu suport\u0103 l\u0103tratul; celor care vor un c\u00e2ine de curte care doarme afar\u0103; \u0219i, \u00een general, oricui \u00ee\u0219i imagineaz\u0103 c\u0103 un c\u00e2ine mic \u00eenseamn\u0103 automat un c\u00e2ine u\u0219or de \u021binut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Avantaje \u0219i dezavantaje ale rasei<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"155\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.tvaryny.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/ca-rater-alerta.jpg\" alt=\"Perro Ratero Mallorqu\u00edn (Ca Rater Mallorqu\u00ed) \u2014 Avantaje \u0219i dezavantaje ale rasei\" class=\"wp-image-138767\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.2904032510159424;width:346px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Avantaje (+)<\/th><th>Dezavantaje (-)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Compactitate:<\/strong> Ideal pentru apartament \u0219i c\u0103l\u0103torii.<\/td><td><strong>G\u0103l\u0103gie:<\/strong> Le place s\u0103 latre, uneori f\u0103r\u0103 un motiv serios.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>S\u0103n\u0103tate:<\/strong> Una dintre cele mai s\u0103n\u0103toase rase dintre c\u00e2inii mici.<\/td><td><strong>Nervozitate:<\/strong> Necesit\u0103 socializare timpurie, altfel pot deveni timizi sau agresivi.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Calit\u0103\u021bi de paz\u0103:<\/strong> Va avertiza \u00eentotdeauna despre oaspe\u021bi printr-un l\u0103trat sonor.<\/td><td><strong>Sensibilitate la frig:<\/strong> Nu sunt potrivi\u021bi pentru a fi \u021binu\u021bi afar\u0103 \u00een climatul nostru.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>U\u0219urin\u021b\u0103 \u00een \u00eengrijire:<\/strong> Blana nu necesit\u0103 efort.<\/td><td><strong>Drive de v\u00e2n\u0103toare:<\/strong> Pot fugi dup\u0103 prad\u0103.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Curiozit\u0103\u021bi despre ras\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00cen Mallorca, aceast\u0103 ras\u0103 este \u00eenc\u0103 folosit\u0103 conform destina\u021biei directe la ferme, precum \u0219i pentru v\u00e2n\u0103toarea de iepuri.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Aceast\u0103 ras\u0103 este considerat\u0103 patrimoniu na\u021bional al Insulelor Baleare.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u00e2n\u0103torii preferau exemplarele tricolore dintr-un motiv practic: \u00een desi\u0219, un c\u00e2ine complet \u00eenchis la culoare se confund\u0103 cu iepurele.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Efectivul real e greu de stabilit: clubul vorbe\u0219te despre peste o mie de exemplare \u00eenregistrate \u0219i circa o sut\u0103 cincizeci de pui pe an, o publica\u021bie spaniol\u0103 de specialitate despre peste dou\u0103 mii, iar studiul genetic a analizat un registru de 363 de animale. Sursele num\u0103r\u0103 lucruri diferite; cert e c\u0103 rasa nu e pe cale de dispari\u021bie, dar nici numeroas\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00centreb\u0103ri frecvente despre ras\u0103 (FAQ)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-heading wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Este aceast\u0103 ras\u0103 potrivit\u0103 pentru o familie cu copii?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Da, dar cu rezerve. \u00cei place joaca, \u00eens\u0103 nu tolereaz\u0103 tratamentul dur \u2014 nu e genul de c\u00e2ine care poate fi tras de urechi. Cu \u0219colari care \u00een\u021beleg regulile (pauze, respectarea somnului, f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eembr\u0103\u021bi\u0219\u0103ri for\u021bate) merge foarte bine. Pentru familiile cu copii sub 5-6 ani, fie alege\u021bi alt\u0103 ras\u0103, fie supraveghea\u021bi permanent interac\u021biunea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-heading wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Se \u00een\u021belege cu pisicile?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dac\u0103 puiul cre\u0219te \u00eempreun\u0103 cu un pisoi, de obicei devin cei mai buni prieteni. Un c\u00e2ine adult adus \u00eentr-o cas\u0103 cu pisic\u0103, sau invers, e loterie \u0219i cere adaptare atent\u0103. Regula care nu se schimb\u0103 niciodat\u0103: pisica ce fuge declan\u0219eaz\u0103 urm\u0103rirea, oric\u00e2t de bine s-ar cunoa\u0219te cei doi. Nu e r\u0103utate, e reflex.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-heading wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u00e2t de des latr\u0103 \u0219i se poate corecta?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Este o \u201esonerie\u201d excelent\u0103, iar asta nu e un viciu: pe Mallorca lucra \u00een tandem cu ciob\u0103nescul insulei \u0219i el era cel care anun\u021ba. L\u0103tratul se corecteaz\u0103 \u2014 seria poate fi scurtat\u0103 prin comand\u0103 \u0219i prin eliminarea declan\u0219atorilor vizuali \u2014 dar nu dispare. \u00centr-un bloc cu izolare fonic\u0103 slab\u0103, munca asupra l\u0103tratului nu e op\u021bional\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-heading wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Pot ob\u021bine pedigriu AChR pentru un ca rater mallorqu\u00ed \u00een Rom\u00e2nia?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nu. Asocia\u021bia Chinologic\u0103 Rom\u00e2n\u0103 este singurul membru FCI din Rom\u00e2nia \u0219i elibereaz\u0103 documente de origine, prin Cartea de Origine Rom\u00e2n\u0103, numai pentru rasele din nomenclatorul FCI. Ca raterul nu are num\u0103r de standard FCI, deci nu are unde s\u0103 fie \u00eenscris. R\u0103m\u00e2n certificatul clubului mallorchin, care \u021bine propria carte genealogic\u0103 din 2002, plus microcipul, RECS \u0219i carnetul de s\u0103n\u0103tate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-heading wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Rezist\u0103 la iarna din Rom\u00e2nia? Poate sta afar\u0103 \u00een curte?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nu poate sta afar\u0103, \u00een niciun caz. Are blan\u0103 scurt\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 subp\u0103r, nu are strat de gr\u0103sime \u0219i c\u00e2nt\u0103re\u0219te trei-cinci kilograme \u2014 o combina\u021bie periculoas\u0103 la gerurile continentale, chiar \u0219i \u00eentr-o cu\u0219c\u0103 izolat\u0103. Locuie\u0219te \u00een cas\u0103, iese \u00eembr\u0103cat pe frig, iar plimb\u0103rile de iarn\u0103 se scurteaz\u0103 \u0219i se \u00eempart \u00een reprize. Paradoxal, vara din sudul \u021b\u0103rii \u00eei prie\u0219te mai bine dec\u00e2t raselor noastre cu blan\u0103 groas\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-heading wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Intr\u0103 ca raterul pe lista c\u00e2inilor periculo\u0219i din OUG 55\/2002?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nu. Ordonan\u021ba enumer\u0103 tipuri de lupt\u0103 \u0219i de atac \u00een categoria I \u0219i rase molosoide \u00een categoria a II-a; un c\u00e2ine de patru kilograme nu are ce c\u0103uta acolo. Aten\u021bie \u00eens\u0103 la art. 2, care define\u0219te separat c\u00e2inele agresiv drept orice c\u00e2ine care, f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 fie provocat, mu\u0219c\u0103 sau atac\u0103 persoane ori animale domestice, \u00een locuri publice sau private. Defini\u021bia nu \u021bine cont de ras\u0103 sau de greutate \u2014 deci un gard corect f\u0103cut e, la aceast\u0103 ras\u0103, \u0219i o m\u0103sur\u0103 juridic\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-heading wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Cum aduc legal un pui din Mallorca \u00een Rom\u00e2nia?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Spania \u0219i Rom\u00e2nia sunt state membre UE, deci se aplic\u0103 Regulamentul (UE) nr. 576\/2013 privind circula\u021bia necomercial\u0103 a animalelor de companie. Puiul are nevoie de microcip, de vaccinare antirabic\u0103 efectuat\u0103 dup\u0103 implantarea cipului \u0219i de pa\u0219aport european emis de un medic veterinar autorizat. Regula critic\u0103: trebuie s\u0103 treac\u0103 cel pu\u021bin 21 de zile de la vaccinarea antirabic\u0103 primar\u0103 \u00eenainte de intrarea \u00een alt stat membru. La sosire se face \u00eenscrierea \u00een RECS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-heading wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u00e2t tr\u0103ie\u0219te \u0219i de ce se \u00eemboln\u0103ve\u0219te cel mai des?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Speran\u021ba de via\u021b\u0103 este de 12-15 ani. Nimeni nu a studiat sistematic aceast\u0103 ras\u0103 pu\u021bin numeroas\u0103, a\u0219a c\u0103 pentru ea nu exist\u0103 o list\u0103 a bolilor ereditare \u2014 este o lips\u0103 de date, nu o dovad\u0103 de s\u0103n\u0103tate. \u00cen practic\u0103 se urm\u0103resc problemele tipice c\u00e2inilor mici \u2014 luxa\u021bia rotulei, afec\u021biunile dentare din cauza maxilarului mic, controlul greut\u0103\u021bii, traumatismele din exces de curaj \u2014 plus riscurile de meserie: leptospiroza, parazi\u021bii lua\u021bi din prad\u0103, c\u0103pu\u0219ele \u0219i babesioza.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-heading wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Chiar mai prinde \u0219obolani sau e doar o poveste?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Chiar prinde, iar pe Mallorca este \u00eenc\u0103 folosit ca atare \u00een gospod\u0103rii: instinctul nu s-a diluat, pentru c\u0103 rasa nu a trecut printr-o selec\u021bie de expozi\u021bie. Exist\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 un risc despre care se vorbe\u0219te prea pu\u021bin \u2014 roz\u0103torul otr\u0103vit cu rodenticide anticoagulante mai tr\u0103ie\u0219te c\u00e2teva zile \u0219i devine prad\u0103 u\u0219oar\u0103, iar c\u00e2inele se intoxic\u0103 indirect. Semnele apar cu \u00eent\u00e2rziere: apatie, gingii palide, s\u00e2nger\u0103ri, v\u00e2n\u0103t\u0103i. Dac\u0103 b\u0103nui\u021bi c\u0103 a m\u00e2ncat un roz\u0103tor \u00eentr-o zon\u0103 deratizat\u0103, merge\u021bi la veterinar imediat, nu c\u00e2nd apar simptomele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Video despre ras\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Ca Rater Mallorqui  Pros and Cons | Ratonero mallorqu\u00edn Advantages and Disadvantages\" width=\"1170\" height=\"658\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/wf1TtgVchTk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Perro Ratero Mallorqu\u00edn, sau Ca Rater Mallorqu\u00ed (Majorca Ratter) nu este doar un c\u0103\u021belu\u0219 de canapea, ci un adev\u0103rat pachet de energie, istorie \u0219i un\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":138701,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[52],"tags":[18300,7281,338],"moimportance":[],"class_list":["post-138821","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-dogs-breeds","tag-caini-activi","tag-caini-cu-urechi-drepte","tag-338"],"views":15,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tvaryny.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/138821","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tvaryny.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tvaryny.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tvaryny.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tvaryny.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=138821"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tvaryny.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/138821\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":138823,"href":"https:\/\/tvaryny.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/138821\/revisions\/138823"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tvaryny.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/138701"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tvaryny.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=138821"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tvaryny.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=138821"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tvaryny.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=138821"},{"taxonomy":"moimportance","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tvaryny.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/moimportance?post=138821"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}