Small Münsterländer

The history of the Small Münsterländer is deeply intertwined with Germany’s hunting traditions, particularly in the Münsterland region of Westphalia. For centuries, so-called “bird dogs” (Vogelhunde) were used here for hunting feathered game. These dogs were known by various names, including “Heidewachtel” (heath quail dog), indicating their specialisation. They were small, long-haired, intelligent, and adept at working in dense undergrowth.

In the late 19th century, with changes in German hunting laws and the increasing popularity of English breeds, local varieties faced extinction. However, enthusiasts worked diligently to preserve these unique dogs. A key figure in the breed’s revival and establishment was Edmund Léns, a schoolteacher from Burgsteinfurt. Alongside his brothers, he began a targeted breeding programme, gathering surviving representatives of the old “bird dog” lines.

They discovered these dogs were incredibly versatile: not only did they excel at pointing birds, but they also retrieved from water and worked a blood trail. Unlike the Large Münsterländer, which descends from German Longhaired Pointers (Deutsch-Langhaar), the Small Münsterländer has the blood of ancient Spanish and French spaniels in its veins, making it a relative of breeds such as the Kooikerhondje and the Brittany Spaniel. This explains its somewhat different working style and appearance. In 1912, the “Association for Small Münsterländer Pointing Dogs” was founded, and in 1921, the breed standard was officially approved.

The Small Münsterländer is a medium-sized dog of robust and harmonious build, combining nobility and strength without any trace of coarseness. Its appearance speaks of intelligence, liveliness, and readiness for work. The overall impression is that of an elegant and athletic hunter.

• Head: Dry, noble, slightly domed. The muzzle is long and strong, with a straight bridge of the nose. The stop (forehead to muzzle transition) is not abrupt but discernible.
• Eyes: Medium-sized, preferably as dark brown as possible. The expression is intelligent, lively, and friendly. Eyelids are tight-fitting.
• Ears: Set high, broad at the base, tapering to rounded tips. They lie close to the head and are covered with long hair.
• Body: Slightly longer than tall, with a strong, straight back and a muscular loin. The chest is deep but not overly wide, ensuring endurance.
• Tail: Set high, of medium length. It is a continuation of the backline. Carried horizontally when moving, and dropped in repose. Covered with long hair forming a beautiful “plume”.
• Coat: Dense, smooth, or slightly wavy, of medium length. It offers good protection against harsh weather and brambles. On the ears, hindquarters, and tail, it forms fringes and feathering.
• Colouring: The primary colours are brown and white or brown roan (speckled). Large brown patches, ticking, or a combination thereof are permissible. The head is predominantly brown, possibly with a white blaze.

The Small Münsterländer’s character is its “golden ticket” not only to the hunting world but also to the hearts of everyday families. It’s a lively, spirited, yet balanced and obedient dog. It develops a strong attachment to its family and especially to its owner. This dog is not designed for life on a chain or in a kennel; it needs constant human contact.

They are highly intelligent and astute, making the training process enjoyable, but also requiring consistency from the owner. The Small Münsterländer always strives to please, but its hunting instincts can sometimes take over. They get along well with children, seeing them as playmates. Their playfulness and energy make them excellent companions for active families. They may be somewhat reserved with strangers, but without aggression, making them decent watchdogs who will always alert to guests with a bark. They generally get on well with other dogs, especially with proper socialisation from a young age. However, due to their strong hunting instinct, small domestic animals (cats, rodents, birds) may be perceived as prey.

While the Small Münsterländer can adapt to living in a spacious flat, an ideal home for it would be a detached house with a well-fenced garden. The main condition for its happiness is a sufficient level of physical and mental activity.

Grooming and Coat Care

The Small Münsterländer’s coat doesn’t demand complicated care. Brushing it once or twice a week is enough to prevent mats and remove dead hairs. During shedding periods (spring and autumn), this procedure should be done more frequently. Bathe the dog only when necessary, using special dog shampoos to avoid damaging the skin’s protective layer. Particular attention should be paid to the ears. Their pendulous shape creates a favourable environment for the development of bacteria and fungi. Regularly inspect the ear canals, cleaning them of dirt and wax with special lotions. After every bath or swim, always dry the ears thoroughly inside. Also, don’t forget regular nail trimming and dental care.

Physical Exercise and Activity

This is a key aspect of owning the breed. A Small Münsterländer needs at least 1.5-2 hours of active exercise per day. These cannot be slow walks on a lead around the block. The dog needs the opportunity to run freely, explore territory, and swim. Ideal activities for it include:

• Long walks in the woods or park;
• Retrieving objects (balls, frisbees);
• Swimming;
• Dog sports: agility, flyball, obedience;
• For hunters – regular training and hunting.

Without sufficient exercise, a Münsterländer’s energy will find an outlet in destructive behaviour: chewing things, incessant barking, or attempts to escape. This is a dog that constantly needs a task. Its energy requirements can be compared to those of working breeds like the Greenland Dog, although the nature of the activities is, of course, different.

Thanks to their high intelligence and desire to cooperate with humans, Small Münsterländers are highly trainable. However, it’s important to remember that this is a sensitive dog. Positive reinforcement methods work best: praise, treats, toys. Harshness, shouting, and physical punishment can lead to a loss of trust and stubbornness. Training should start from an early age. It’s crucial to establish clear rules and boundaries from day one, and to be consistent in your demands.

Early socialisation is critically important. Introduce your puppy to various people, sounds, places, and other animals (under supervision). This will help raise a confident and well-adjusted dog. Special attention should be paid to perfecting the “Come!” command, as their hunting instinct might compel the dog to chase a bird or a squirrel, ignoring everything else. Training sessions should be varied and engaging to prevent the dog from getting bored. Intellectual games, scent work, and learning tricks – all help satisfy its need for mental stimulation.

The Small Münsterländer is generally a healthy and robust breed with a limited number of hereditary diseases. Responsible breeders test their dogs for the most common genetic conditions. However, like any breed, there are certain health issues owners should be aware of.

The diet of a Small Münsterländer must match its high energy requirements. The basis of their nutrition should be high-quality protein (meat, fish, poultry). You can choose either a ready-made premium or super-premium dry food formulated for active medium-sized dogs, or opt for a natural diet. It’s vital not to overfeed the dog, as excess weight places additional strain on joints.

When selecting dry food, pay attention to the ingredients list: a meat ingredient should be listed first, not grains. For a natural diet, the menu should consist of approximately 60-70% meat products, with the remainder made up of grains (buckwheat, rice), vegetables (carrots, pumpkin, courgette), fermented dairy products, and a small amount of oil for coat health. Avoid giving your dog table scraps, especially fatty, fried, sweet, or smoked foods. Clean drinking water should always be freely available.

1. In its native land, the breed is often called “Heidewachtel”, which translates to “heath quail dog”, indicating its historical purpose.
2. Despite the name “Small”, it is not a miniature version of the Large Münsterländer. It’s an entirely independent breed with different ancestors.
3. Small Münsterländers are known for their ability to “find lost game” (Verlorenbringen), meaning they can locate and retrieve injured game long after a shot, following the trail.
4. It is one of the three most popular pointing breeds in Germany, alongside the German Shorthaired Pointer and the German Wirehaired Pointer.
5. Small Münsterländers are very “talkative”. They use a wide range of sounds – from whining and growling to barking – to communicate with their owner.

Is the Small Münsterländer suitable for apartment living?

Yes, but only if the dog receives daily, long, and intense physical exercise (1.5-2 hours minimum). If you’re not prepared to provide this level of activity, it’s better to choose another breed. Otherwise, the dog will suffer and may start destroying the apartment.

Does the Small Münsterländer shed a lot?

Shedding is moderate, increasing seasonally in spring and autumn. Regular brushing once or twice a week will help keep the amount of hair in the house under control.

Can a Small Münsterländer live with a cat?

This is possible if they grow up together from a young age. An adult Münsterländer is highly likely to perceive a cat as prey. Even if they live together, they shouldn’t be left unsupervised, especially outdoors, where instincts can take over.

Is this breed difficult to train?

No, they are very intelligent and eager to please. However, they require a consistent, patient, but firm approach. Novices might find it challenging to manage their energy and hunting instincts, so the breed is more recommended for people with experience owning dogs, especially active and working breeds.

Can a Small Münsterländer not be used for hunting?

Yes, it can. But in that case, you must provide it with an adequate substitute in the form of intense sports (agility, canicross), long hikes, scent games, and swimming. This dog vitally needs to expend its energy and intellect.