Savannah

The history of the Savannah breed is a captivating tale of a dream to create a domestic cat with the exotic appearance of its wild ancestor. It all began on 7th April 1986, when Judee Frank welcomed the first hybrid kitten, a cross between a male African Serval and a domestic Siamese cat. This unique female kitten was named Savannah, and she lent her name to the entire future breed.

Joyce Sroufe played a pivotal role in the breed’s subsequent development. In 1989, she acquired one of the first Savannah’s kittens and became captivated by the idea of establishing a new breed. Together with Patrick Kelley, she drafted the first Savannah breed standard and presented it to the board of directors of The International Cat Association (TICA). Their efforts, along with the work of other enthusiasts who crossed Serval descendants with various domestic breeds (including Bengal cats, Egyptian Maus, Oriental Shorthairs, and other domestic shorthairs), led to the gradual shaping of the Savannah’s unique characteristics.

The path to official recognition was not straightforward. Many feline organisations were cautious about hybrid breeds. However, thanks to the perseverance of breeders, TICA accepted the Savannah for registration in 2001, and in 2012, granted the breed full championship status. This meant Savannahs could compete in cat shows alongside other recognised breeds. The primary goal was to preserve the Serval’s exotic appearance – long legs, large ears, a long body, and spotted coat – while cementing the gentle and sociable temperament of a domestic cat.

The Savannah gives the impression of a large, slender, and elegant cat with distinctly ‘wild’ features. Its appearance is a harmonious blend of the Serval’s grace and the familiar traits of a domestic cat.

• Size and Build: Savannahs are among the tallest domestic cats. They have a long, muscular, athletic body with a deep chest and a tucked-up belly. The back is straight, with the rump slightly raised. Bones are strong yet not massive, creating an impression of elegance despite their size.
• Head: The head is relatively small in proportion to the body, shaped like an equilateral triangle with rounded contours. It is longer than it is wide. The profile is straight or with a slight, gentle stop.
• Ears: One of the most defining features is their exceptionally large and tall ears, broad at the base with rounded tips. They are set high on the head and are quite close together. The presence of ‘ocelli’ – light, thumbprint-like markings on the back of the ears, similar to those on wild cats – is desirable.
• Eyes: Medium-sized, almond or oval-shaped, and set slightly at an angle. A characteristic ‘hooded’ brow gives them an alert expression. Dark ‘tear stain’ markings running from the inner corner of the eye down the sides of the nose are essential. Eye colour can be gold, green, copper, or brown and is independent of coat colour.
• Muzzle: Well-defined, tapering to the nose without a sharp pinch. The nose is long with a broad bridge. Whisker pads are not overly prominent.
• Legs and Paws: Very long and slender, especially the hind legs, which give the breed its characteristic ‘leggy’ stance and incredible jumping ability. Paws are oval, medium-sized, with long toes.
• Tail: Medium in length and thickness, tapering slightly to the tip. It should not be too short or thin. It is covered in black rings, and the tip is always black.
• Coat: Short to medium in length, dense, and lies close to the body. The texture can be slightly coarser than that of most domestic cats but not harsh. The undercoat is soft.
• Colour and Pattern: Only the spotted tabby pattern is recognised by the standard. Spots should be distinct, solid (not rosettes), round, oval, or elongated, and randomly distributed over the body. Stripes on the neck and shoulders, breaking into spots on the back, are desirable. Background colours include Brown Spotted Tabby, Silver Spotted Tabby, Black (melanistic, with spots visible in certain light), and Black Smoke.

Savannah Generations (F1, F2, F3, F4, F5+ and SBT)

It is important to understand the generation system (filial generations), which indicates the degree of relation to the wild ancestor, the Serval:

1. F1 Savannah: A direct descendant of a Serval (Serval father, domestic mother). They have approximately 50% Serval blood (or more if the mother was a later generation Savannah). These are the largest, most exotic, and most expensive Savannahs. Their temperament can be more unpredictable, and they require very experienced owners. F1-F3 males (and sometimes F4) are typically sterile.
2. F2 Savannah: Grandchildren of a Serval (one parent is an F1 Savannah). Approximately 25-30% Serval blood. Still large and exotic, but generally more adapted to domestic life than F1s.
3. F3 Savannah: Great-grandchildren of a Serval (one parent is an F2 Savannah). Around 12.5-15% Serval blood. Sizes approach those of large domestic cats, and the temperament becomes more stable and ‘domesticated’.
4. F4 and F5 Savannah: Great-great-grandchildren and subsequent generations. The percentage of Serval blood becomes negligible. Size and temperament are very similar to domestic cats, though they retain the characteristic Savannah appearance (long legs, large ears, spots).
5. SBT Savannah (Stud Book Tradition): This is a Savannah with at least three generations of exclusively Savannah-to-Savannah breeding (i.e., an F4 or later generation bred to another SBT Savannah). SBT Savannahs are considered a fully domestic breed, their temperament is the most predictable, and they are typically the ones that participate in cat shows.

The higher the generation (F1, F2), the more pronounced the wild traits, the larger the size, the higher the price, and potentially the more challenging the temperament. Later generation Savannahs (F4, F5, SBT) make excellent companions for active families prepared to provide them with appropriate care and stimulation.

Despite its ‘wild’ appearance, the Savannah is an exceptionally intelligent, energetic, and devoted cat. Its character is a unique combination of independence and deep affection for its family. Unlike its solitary ancestor, the Serval, the Savannah craves interaction and attention.

• Intelligence and Curiosity: Savannahs are one of the most intelligent domestic cat breeds. They learn quickly, are capable of solving complex problems (like opening doors, cupboards, and taps), and constantly explore their surroundings. Their curiosity knows no bounds, so ensuring a safe home environment is crucial.
• Energy and Playfulness: This is a highly active breed. Savannahs need plenty of exercise and playtime to burn off energy. They adore interactive toys, running, chasing, and especially jumping. Their ability to leap vertically over 2 metres is astonishing. A bored Savannah can become destructive.
• Devotion and Sociability: Savannahs form a strong bond with their owners, often choosing one ‘favourite’ person whom they follow around like a dog. They love to be involved in all family activities. While not all Savannahs are typical ‘lap cats’, they show their affection by being nearby, ‘chatting’, and gentle head-butts.
• Voice: Savannahs are quite ‘talkative’. Their vocal repertoire includes a normal meow, purring, and also unique chirping sounds inherited from the Serval, particularly in early generations. They can also hiss like a Serval.
• Attitude to Water: Unlike most domestic cats, many Savannahs are not afraid of water and sometimes even love it. They might play with a running tap, bat toys in their water bowl, or even join their owner in the shower.
• Compatibility: With proper and early socialisation, Savannahs generally get along well with other cats and dogs (especially if raised together). They can also be wonderful companions for children who know how to interact respectfully with animals. However, due to their strong hunting instinct, caution is advised with very small pets (such as hamsters, birds, and fish).
• Independence: While Savannahs love company, they also have an independent streak. They won’t always sit on your lap when you want them to, but they will always be around.

Important: A Savannah’s temperament can vary somewhat depending on the generation. Early generations (F1, F2) may exhibit more ‘wild’ traits, be more wary of strangers, and require even more space and stimulation. SBT Savannahs typically have a more predictable and stable ‘domestic’ character.

Savannahs are generally considered a healthy and hardy breed, largely due to ‘hybrid vigour’ (heterosis) resulting from the crossbreeding of different genetic lines. Their athletic appearance often corresponds with robust health and longevity – many members of the breed live for 15-20 years or more with proper care.

However, like any breed (especially a hybrid one), Savannahs can be predisposed to certain genetic conditions inherited from both Servals and the domestic breeds involved in their creation. It is important to be aware of potential risks:

• Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM): This is the most common heart disease in cats of all breeds, including Savannahs. It is characterised by a thickening of the heart muscle walls. Responsible breeders screen their breeding stock (via cardiac ultrasound) to reduce the risk of passing the condition to offspring.
• Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency (PK Deficiency): This is an inherited blood disorder that can lead to anaemia. It is found in some breeds used in Savannah development (e.g., Bengals, Egyptian Maus). A genetic test is available to identify carriers of this disease.
• Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA): Another inherited condition that can lead to blindness. Genetic testing is also available for PRA.
• Sensitivity to Anaesthesia: There is some anecdotal evidence (though not always scientifically confirmed for all Savannahs) that hybrid cats, particularly early generations, may be more sensitive to certain anaesthetics, especially ketamine. It is crucial to discuss this with your vet before any procedures requiring anaesthesia. An experienced vet will choose a safe anaesthetic protocol.
• Digestive Issues: Some Savannahs may have a more sensitive digestive system, especially when their food is changed. A high-quality, high-protein diet usually helps to avoid problems.

Prevention is key to a long and healthy life for your Savannah:

• Regular Veterinary Check-ups: Annual (or twice-yearly for senior cats) check-ups with the vet will help detect any problems at an early stage.
• Vaccinations and Deworming: Adhering to a vaccination schedule and regular treatment for internal and external parasites are essential.
• Balanced Diet: High-quality food that meets the breed’s high energy requirements.
• Encouraging Activity: Sufficient physical activity helps maintain a healthy weight and overall fitness.
• Choosing a Responsible Breeder: Purchase a kitten from a breeder who tests for major genetic diseases and can provide relevant documentation.

It is also worth remembering that Savannahs, like their Serval ancestors, do not tolerate severe cold well. During cold weather, ensure your pet has a warm place to rest.

Caring for a Savannah is not overly complicated in terms of grooming, but it demands significant attention to creating the right environment and ensuring an adequate level of activity.

Grooming Your Savannah

• Coat: A Savannah’s short coat requires minimal grooming. Brushing it once a week with a rubber brush or a special grooming mitt is sufficient to remove dead hairs and distribute skin oils. Savannahs shed moderately.
• Claws: Like all cats, Savannahs need their claws trimmed regularly (approximately every 2-3 weeks) to prevent them from becoming ingrown and to protect furniture. Providing sturdy scratching posts is essential.
• Ears: Regularly (once every week or two) check the ears for dirt or signs of infection. Clean them only when necessary, using a special lotion and cotton pads (not cotton buds!). A Savannah’s large ears can accumulate more dirt.
• Eyes: Periodically wipe the corners of the eyes with a soft, damp cloth or cotton pad to remove natural discharge.
• Teeth: To prevent dental disease, it is recommended to brush your cat’s teeth several times a week with a special cat toothbrush and toothpaste. Dental treats and dry food can also be beneficial.
• Bathing: Savannahs do not usually require frequent bathing. Thanks to their love of water, the bathing process itself, if needed, is unlikely to cause problems.

Environment and Safety

Creating the right environment is a critically important aspect of keeping a Savannah:

• Space and Vertical Opportunities: Savannahs need space to run and play. Even more important is vertical space. Tall and sturdy cat trees, wall-mounted shelves, and climbing complexes are not luxuries but necessities to satisfy their natural urge to jump and explore heights.
• Safety: Savannahs are escape artists and very inquisitive. Windows and doors must be securely fastened. Many household items can pose a danger (electrical wires, small objects, chemicals). It is important to ‘cat-proof’ your home.
• Walks: Due to their activity levels and hunting instincts, free-roaming is strongly discouraged for Savannahs. However, many Savannahs can be trained to walk on a harness and lead and enjoy controlled outdoor excursions. This is an excellent way to provide them with new experiences and physical exercise. A secure outdoor enclosure (catio) is also an excellent solution.

Activity and Play

Meeting a Savannah’s high need for activity is the number one task for an owner:

• Interactive Play: Daily play sessions with the owner are essential. Use ‘fishing rod’ toys with feathers, laser pointers (always end the game with a ‘catch’ – a toy or treat), and balls. Savannahs often enjoy playing ‘fetch’.
• Puzzle Toys: To stimulate their sharp minds, use interactive toys that dispense treats or puzzle feeders designed for cats.
• Company: If you spend a lot of time away from home, a second active cat or a dog can be a great companion for a Savannah, helping to keep it entertained.

Thanks to their high intelligence, Savannahs are highly trainable and learn quickly. The upbringing and socialisation process should begin at an early age and be consistent.

• Training Methods: Positive reinforcement works best – praise, treats, and play. Savannahs respond well to clicker training. They are capable of learning various tricks (sit, give a paw, fetch items) and house rules.
• Lead Training: Many Savannahs can be successfully trained to wear a harness and walk on a lead, allowing for safe outdoor excursions. Start as early as possible, gradually introducing the kitten to the harness indoors, then progressing to short walks in quiet areas.
• Socialisation: Early and proper socialisation is key to developing a well-balanced character. Introduce the kitten to different people, sounds, situations, and other animals (under supervision). This will help raise a confident and sociable cat, which is especially important for the potentially more wary early generations.
• Setting Boundaries: Due to their energy and inquisitiveness, it is important to establish clear boundaries and rules from the outset (e.g., where they are allowed to jump and where they are not). Consistency is the key to success.
• Addressing Behavioural Problems: If a Savannah displays undesirable behaviour (e.g., scratching furniture, excessive vocalisation, aggression), the cause is most often boredom, lack of attention, or insufficient physical activity. Providing adequate stimulation and redirecting energy into play and toys usually resolves the issue.

Overall, raising a Savannah is an exciting process that requires patience, consistency, and an understanding of this breed’s unique needs. Their ability to learn and desire to interact with people make training an enjoyable experience for both cat and owner.

Proper nutrition is the foundation of a Savannah’s health, energy, and longevity. Due to their activity levels and partly ‘wild’ ancestry, this breed may have slightly increased needs for certain nutrients, especially protein.

• High-Quality Protein: The cornerstone of a Savannah’s diet is animal protein. Choose high-quality commercial foods (dry and wet) with a high meat content (chicken, turkey, beef, fish) listed first among the ingredients. Avoid foods with large amounts of cereals (maize, wheat) and fillers. Some owners opt for grain-free diets.
• Raw Feeding (BARF/Raw): Some Savannah breeders and owners practice feeding a raw meat diet, considering it more natural for a hybrid breed. This approach requires in-depth knowledge to create a balanced diet (correct ratio of meat, bones, organs) and strict adherence to hygiene rules to avoid the risk of bacterial contamination. It is essential to consult a veterinary nutritionist before transitioning your cat to a raw diet.
• Combination Feeding: Many owners successfully combine dry and wet food. Wet food helps maintain hydration and typically contains more protein and fewer carbohydrates. Dry food is convenient and helps clean teeth.
• Taurine: Like all cats, Savannahs require taurine – an essential amino acid found in meat. Good quality commercial foods are already fortified with taurine. If feeding a natural diet, it is important to include sources of taurine (e.g., heart).
• Vitamins and Minerals: A balanced commercial food usually contains all necessary vitamins and minerals. With natural feeding, special supplements may be needed as recommended by a vet.
• Portion Control: Despite their high activity levels, Savannahs, like any domestic cat, are prone to weight gain if overfed. Follow the dosing recommendations on the food packaging, adjusting the portion according to your cat’s age, weight, and activity level.
• Fresh Water: Ensure constant access to fresh, clean water. Some Savannahs prefer running water, so a cat drinking fountain can be a good purchase.
• Avoid Dangerous Foods: Never give your Savannah (or any cat) chocolate, onions, garlic, grapes, raisins, alcohol, caffeine, or food from your table.

Remember that nutritional needs can change with age (kitten, adult cat, senior cat) and health status. Regularly consult your vet about the optimal diet for your Savannah.

Before getting an exotic and energetic cat like the Savannah, it is important to weigh all its advantages and potential drawbacks.

• Guinness World Record Holder: A Savannah named Arcturus Aldebaran Powers held the title of the world’s tallest domestic cat, with a shoulder height of 48.4 cm (19.05 inches). Sadly, he perished in a house fire in 2017.
• Incredible Jumpers: Savannahs are known for their ability to jump to impressive heights – up to 2.5 metres (over 8 feet) from a standstill! This allows them to easily reach cupboards, refrigerators, and other high places.
• Not All Spots Are Equal: Although the standard only recognises the spotted tabby, the pattern and size of the spots can vary. Some Savannahs have smaller, denser spots, while others have larger, more sparse ones.
• “A Dog in a Cat’s Body”: Their loyalty, ability to learn commands, and love of games (including ‘fetch’) often lead to Savannahs being compared to dogs. Many also walk well on a lead.
• Generation Matters: An F1 Savannah can cost as much as a new car, whereas later generation Savannahs (F5, SBT) are significantly more affordable, though still pricier than the average pedigree cat.
• Unique Sounds: Besides the usual meow, Savannahs can make sounds resembling bird-like chirps or a snake’s hiss – a legacy from their wild ancestor, the Serval.
• Don’t confuse them with other breeds: Savannahs are sometimes mistaken for other spotted breeds, such as the Bengal cat or Ocicat. However, the Savannah stands out with its long legs, large ears, and more elongated body. It’s also important not to confuse it with the Serengeti cat, a breed developed to resemble the Serval but with no wild cat ancestry.
• The world of felines is incredibly diverse: While the Savannah impresses with its size and wild lineage, there are other captivating breeds such as the petite Singapura cat, one of the smallest cat breeds, or the Japanese Bobtail, famed for its unique pom-pom tail.
• Legal Considerations: Before acquiring a Savannah, especially an early generation, be sure to check your local laws. Many regions have restrictions on keeping hybrid animals.

How big do Savannah cats get?

A Savannah’s size depends heavily on its generation and sex. F1 and F2 males can be considerably larger, reaching 40-45 cm (15.7-17.7 inches) at the shoulder and weighing 9-11 kg (20-24 lbs) or more. Females and later generation cats (F3 and beyond, SBT) are usually smaller but still larger than the average domestic cat, weighing 4-8 kg (9-17 lbs) with a tall, slender build.

Are Savannah cats dangerous? Are they aggressive?

No, a well-raised and socialised Savannah is not dangerous or aggressive. They are a domestic breed developed to have a gentle temperament. Early generations (F1, F2) might be more cautious and have stronger instincts, thus requiring experienced owners. However, aggression is not a typical breed trait.

Is it legal to own a Savannah cat?

This depends on your location and the cat’s generation. Many countries, states, or cities have restrictions or outright bans on keeping hybrid animals, especially early generations (F1-F4). Always check your local laws and regulations before acquiring a Savannah.

How much does a Savannah cat cost?

The Savannah is one of the most expensive cat breeds in the world. The price depends on the generation, quality (adherence to breed standard), pedigree, and breeder reputation. F1 kittens can cost from $15,000 to $50,000+. F2s range from $4,000 – $15,000+. F3s are $2,500 – $8,000+. F4-F5s typically cost $1,500 – $5,000+. SBT Savannahs usually range from $1,500 to $6,000. These are approximate ranges, and prices can vary.

Are Savannahs suitable for families with children and other pets?

Yes, with proper socialisation, Savannahs generally get along well with older children who understand how to interact with animals. They can also live पानी with other cats and dogs, especially if raised together. However, due to their strong hunting instinct, they are not recommended for households with very small pets (like hamsters or birds).

Which Savannah generation is best for me?

For most people, especially those new to hybrids, Savannahs of later generations (F4, F5, and especially SBT) are the best choice. They have a more stable and predictable domestic temperament while retaining their exotic appearance. Early generations (F1-F3) require significantly more experience, space, attention, and may be subject to legal restrictions.

Do Savannahs require a special diet?

While a special ‘wild’ diet is not mandatory, Savannahs benefit from a high-quality diet rich in animal protein. Some owners choose a raw diet (BARF), but this requires careful planning and consultation with a specialist. A good quality commercial cat food for active cats (dry and/or wet) usually meets their needs perfectly well.

Do Savannahs shed a lot?

Savannahs have a short coat and shed moderately. Regular brushing once a week helps to control the amount of fur in the home.