Šarplaninac

The history of the Šarplaninac stretches back centuries. It is believed that the ancestors of these dogs arrived in the Balkans with nomadic Asian tribes. For a long time, the breed developed in isolation in the Šar Planina mountain range, on the border between Serbia and North Macedonia. The harsh mountain conditions and the constant threat from predators shaped a dog with exceptional working qualities: strong, resilient, fearless, and boundlessly devoted to its family and flock.

The first breed standard was published in 1930 under the name “Illyrian Shepherd Dog”. In 1957, following disputes between Yugoslavian cynological organisations, the breed was officially divided into two: the Šarplaninac and the Karst Shepherd Dog. The name “Šarplaninac” comes directly from the mountain range considered the cradle of the breed. Yugoslavian army kennels made a significant contribution to the preservation and development of the breed. Today, the Šarplaninac is used as a guard dog, service dog, and family companion. This breed shares common roots with other Balkan sheepdogs, such as the Tornjak and the Karst Shepherd Dog, both renowned for their protective instincts.

The Šarplaninac is a dog of above-average height, with a strong, proportionate build and a massive bone structure. Its appearance exudes strength and confidence.

• Head: Proportionate to the body, with a slightly convex, broad skull. The length of the skull is slightly greater than the length of the muzzle. The stop (transition from forehead to muzzle) is smooth and not pronounced.
• Muzzle: Shorter than the skull, broad and deep at the base, gradually tapering towards a large black nose.
• Eyes: Almond-shaped, medium-sized, ranging from chestnut to dark brown. The gaze is calm, confident, yet penetrating.
• Ears: Set on the line of the eyes or slightly lower, V-shaped, hanging close to the cheeks. Covered with short, dense hair.
• Body: Strong, with a straight, broad back. The withers are moderately pronounced. The chest is deep and wide, with well-developed muscles.
• Tail: Long, saber-shaped, thick at the base. Carried low in repose, raised above the backline when excited. Covered with dense, long hair.
• Coat: Dense, long (about 10 cm), with a thick, fine undercoat. On the head, ears, and front part of the limbs, the hair is short. The colour is solid: from white to dark brown, almost black. The most common and desired shades are iron-grey and dark grey.

The Šarplaninac’s character is a blend of calmness, independence, and boundless devotion. This is a one-person dog, though it loves and protects all members of its family. It approaches strangers with suspicion and distrust. Its innate guardian instinct makes it an unparalleled watchdog. The Šarplaninac does not bark without reason, but in the event of a real threat, it acts decisively and fearlessly. It is ready to defend its territory, owner, and property to the very end.

These dogs are not prone to unprovoked aggression but can be dominant towards other dogs, especially of the same sex. Early and proper socialisation is key to raising a balanced and manageable dog. Despite its stern appearance, within the family circle, the Šarplaninac transforms into a gentle and friendly bear. It is patient with children it has grown up with and becomes a reliable protector for them. Similar loyalty and protective qualities are also characteristic of the Pyrenean Mastiff, another gentle giant with a big heart.

Šarplaninacs are a breed with robust health, hardened by the harsh mountain conditions. However, like all large breeds, they are prone to certain diseases. The most common problem is hip and elbow dysplasia. It is important to choose a puppy from reputable parents with appropriate health tests.

Other potential issues include:

• Gastric torsion (bloat): A dangerous condition typical of large, deep-chested dogs. Prevention involves feeding smaller portions 2-3 times a day and avoiding physical exertion immediately after meals.
• Eye diseases: Cataracts and glaucoma can develop in old age. Regular veterinary check-ups will help detect problems early.
• Heart diseases: The risk increases with age. It is important to monitor the dog’s weight and ensure adequate exercise.
• Urolithiasis (bladder stones): Can occur due to improper diet, insufficient water intake, or urinary stasis. Symptoms include frequent, difficult urination, sometimes with blood.

Regular preventative check-ups, vaccinations, parasite control, and a balanced diet are the keys to a long and healthy life for your beloved pet.

The Šarplaninac is a dog that does not require complex grooming. Its dense coat has self-cleaning properties. The main care involves regular brushing 1-2 times a week to prevent matting. During seasonal shedding (spring and autumn), the procedure will need to be performed daily. Bathe the dog only when absolutely necessary, as frequent washing disrupts the skin’s natural protective layer. It’s important to regularly check the eyes and ears, cleaning them as needed. Also, don’t forget to brush their teeth with a special paste and brush 1-2 times a week to prevent tartar build-up.

Training a Šarplaninac is not a task for a novice. These are very intelligent dogs, capable of independent decision-making, which can sometimes be perceived as stubbornness. They learn quickly, but will only obey a command if they see sense in it and respect their owner. Roughness and physical punishment are unacceptable – this can permanently destroy trust. The best method is positive reinforcement, patience, and consistency.

Early socialisation is of key importance. From puppyhood, introduce the dog to various people, sounds, places, and other animals. This will help raise a balanced and well-adjusted dog. Šarplaninacs need daily physical exercise and long walks to expend their energy. They can make excellent companions for active individuals. A similar serious approach to upbringing is also required for the Japanese giant Tosa Inu.

Šarplaninacs are not fussy eaters, but they are prone to gaining excess weight, especially with insufficient exercise. Obesity can lead to joint and heart problems. It is recommended to feed an adult dog twice a day, strictly adhering to the prescribed portion. The basis of the diet, whether natural feeding or dry kibble, should be animal protein.

When choosing dry food, opt for super-premium or holistic class brands designed for large breeds. Always ensure your dog has free access to fresh, clean water.

• The Šarplaninac is depicted on the reverse of the 1 Macedonian Denar coin from 1992, highlighting its status as a national symbol.
• Until 1970, the export of these dogs from Yugoslavia was prohibited, which helped preserve the breed’s unique qualities.
• Historically, these dogs guarded flocks not only from wolves but also from bears.
• The breed shares common roots with other Balkan sheepdogs, such as the Tornjak and the Karst Shepherd Dog.

Is the Šarplaninac suitable for apartment living?
Absolutely not. This dog needs space, ideally a private house with a large, securely fenced territory.

How does the Šarplaninac get along with children?
It is very patient and gentle with its family’s children, becoming a devoted protector for them. However, due to its large size, any interaction with small children should be supervised.

Can a Šarplaninac be kept on a chain?
No. Keeping a dog on a chain can negatively impact its psyche, making it aggressive and uncontrollable.

Do they bark a lot?
No, they are not prone to excessive barking. Their voice is only heard in the event of a genuine alert.