Chinese Crested Dog (Hairless)

The history of this breed is a true enigma. Despite the “Chinese” name, it’s not definitively known if China is their true homeland. The source of the hairless variety’s unusual appearance is most likely found in ancient Africa. It’s suggested that hairless dogs (known as the “African Hairless Terrier”) appeared in the hot climate as a result of a spontaneous genetic mutation. From there, they could have reached China via trade routes.

In China, the breed was modified and reduced in size. The Chinese valued them not only for their exotic look but also for their practical skills – the small dogs were excellent ratters on merchant ships, helping to protect provisions. They were also credited with magical and healing properties (such as the ability to draw away pain by cuddling up to a sore spot). They were seen as embodiments of selfless love and one of the ten symbols of good.

There is also an alternative theory of a Central American origin, supported by finds of hairless dog figurines from the time of the Mayans and Aztecs. This theory links them to other hairless breeds, such as the Mexican Hairless Dog (Xoloitzcuintli) and the Peruvian Hairless Dog, although genetic studies indicate these breeds developed independently.

In Europe and America, these smooth-skinned dogs only became known in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. They were an exotic curiosity, often displayed in circuses. A huge contribution to the breed’s popularisation was made by the American journalist Ida Garrett and later by the famous burlesque artist Gypsy Rose Lee. It was thanks to their efforts that the breed was preserved and began to gain popularity. The breed received official FCI (Fédération Cynologique Internationale) recognition in 1971.

The Chinese Crested Dog is the epitome of grace and elegance. It’s a small, active, and slender dog with a fine bone structure and a smooth, hairless body. Their appearance immediately signals their place among the toy breeds.

Two Varieties of the Breed: Hairless and Powderpuff

It’s important to understand that there are two varieties within the breed, which are born in the same litter. Both are recognised by the standard and are equally valued:

• Hairless: This type, which this article focuses on, has hair only in specific areas: on the head (crest), the tail (plume), and the feet (socks). The skin should be soft, smooth, and warm to the touch.
• Powderpuff: This variety is completely covered in a soft, long, veil-like coat with an undercoat. This is a full-fledged member of the breed, which you can read about in a separate article – the Chinese Crested Dog (Powderpuff).

The gene responsible for hairlessness is dominant. This means a Hairless dog always carries the gene for the Powderpuff variety as well. Two Hairless dogs can produce both Hairless and Powderpuff puppies. However, two Powderpuffs cannot produce Hairless puppies.

General Appearance and Proportions

The Chinese Crested Dog has a slightly elongated, but not stretched, body. The height at the withers is slightly less than the length of the body. They have long, slender, and straight limbs, giving them a “leggy” appearance. The paws are very distinctive – so-called “hare feet” (narrow and long), which is a unique feature of the breed.

Head, Eyes, and Ears

The head is graceful, with an elongated skull and a flat, slightly tapering muzzle. The stop (transition from forehead to muzzle) is slight but distinct. The eyes are very dark, almost black, almond-shaped, and set wide apart. Large, erect ears are set low. In the Powderpuff variety, drop ears are also permitted.

Skin and Colour

In the Hairless variety, the skin is soft and smooth. Any colour or combination of colours is permissible. The skin can be a solid colour (pink, grey, black, bronze) or spotted. The skin often “tans” in the sun, changing to a darker shade. The hair on the crest, socks, and tail can also be any colour.

The stable psyche of these lovely creatures makes them wonderful companions. However, they have one crucial demand for their owners – sincere love, attention, and constant interaction. This is not a dog that will be happy being left alone all day.

• Devotion: They become extremely attached to their family, often choosing one “main” person to follow around like a shadow. They are frequently called “velcro dogs”.
• Sensitivity: These miniature dogs take loneliness and a change of owner in adulthood very hard. They are finely tuned to the mood in the home and may grieve with you.
• Non-aggressive: They are completely non-aggressive and affectionate indoor pets. They can be reserved or even timid with strangers, so early socialisation is critically important.
• Relationships with Animals and Children: They get along well with other pets, especially other dogs (particularly their own breed) and cats. They are good with children, provided the children are old enough to handle them gently. Due to their fine bones and lack of fur, they are very vulnerable to injury.
• Alertness: A lively and balanced temperament is combined with courage and observation. They will bark to alert you to guests or strange sounds, making them good “watchdogs”.

They have a lively but steady temperament, somewhat reminiscent of the Petit Brabançon or the Brussels Griffon, although Cresteds are typically more sensitive and less independent. Their behaviour is often cat-like: they love to sit up high (on the backs of sofas) and “wash” their faces with their paws.

The characteristic health problems for this decorative breed are not hard to predict. In the Hairless variety, they are often linked to the same genes that give them their unique appearance.

Dental Problems

This is the most common problem for the Hairless variety. The “hairless” gene (FOXI3) is linked to the gene responsible for tooth development. This is known as a “primitive dental system”.

• Incomplete Dentition: Hairless dogs often lack premolars or even canines. This is considered normal for them and is not a disqualifying fault in the show ring.
• Weak Roots: The teeth they do have often possess weak, shallow roots, leading to them becoming loose and falling out early.
• Retained Puppy Teeth: The milk canines often don’t fall out on their own when the permanent teeth come in. This requires veterinary intervention (extraction) to avoid a bad bite.
• Periodontal Disease: They are extremely prone to tartar buildup and gum inflammation.

Prevention: Daily tooth brushing with a special paste, regular check-ups with a veterinary dentist, and professional cleanings under anaesthesia are an absolute must for a Hairless Crested.

Skin Problems

The soft, unprotected skin demands constant attention. It’s similar to human skin and suffers from similar issues:

• Sunburn: The skin, especially if light-coloured, burns instantly in the sun.
• Dryness and Flaking: Especially during the winter when central heating is on.
• Acne and Comedones (Blackheads): Clogged pores from excess oil are a very common problem.
• Allergies: They can have allergies to certain fabrics (like wool in their clothes), cosmetics, pollen, or food, which manifest as rashes.

Prevention: Regular bathing with mild shampoos, moisturising with lanolin-free lotions, using sunscreen, and wearing appropriate clothing.

Orthopaedic Conditions

Like many other miniature breeds, Chinese Cresteds are prone to joint problems:

• Patellar Luxation (Slipping Kneecap): The most common orthopaedic issue. The dog suddenly starts to hop or skip on a hind leg, then just as suddenly walks normally again.
• Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease: Aseptic necrosis of the femoral head. This requires surgical treatment.

Eye Problems

Hereditary eye diseases such as Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) and lens luxation are also found in the breed. Responsible breeders test their breeding stock for these conditions.

This is a high-maintenance breed. If you are not prepared to dedicate time to this every day, the Hairless variety is not for you.

Skin Care is Paramount

When you get a Hairless Chinese Crested, be prepared to give maximum attention to its exposed skin. The care is very similar to human skincare:

1. Bathing: Frequency is individual. Some need a bath weekly, others only monthly. Bathing too often can dry out the skin. Use only mild, hypoallergenic dog shampoos (or even baby shampoos).
2. Moisturising: After every bath, the skin must be moisturised. Use light, lanolin-free lotions or creams (lanolin can clog pores). Aloe vera-based products or coconut oil work well (but use coconut oil cautiously, as it can also be comedogenic for some).
3. Acne Control: If you notice blackheads or spots, they can be gently treated with antiseptic solutions (like chlorhexidine) or special dog-safe exfoliators. Never squeeze the spots, as this can lead to infection.
4. Sun Protection: This is not a recommendation, it’s a requirement. On sunny days, unpigmented (pink) areas of skin must be protected with a baby-safe sun cream (SPF 30-50) before going outside. In summer, it’s best to walk in the morning or evening, or to wear a light cotton bodysuit.

Grooming the Hair (Crest, Socks, Plume)

Although there isn’t much hair, it also needs care. The silky furnishings on the head, feet, and tail should be gently combed a few times a week to prevent tangles. A conditioner should be applied to this hair during bathing.

Dental Care

As mentioned, this is a weak spot. Daily tooth brushing is the best prevention. Start getting the puppy used to this procedure from day one. Use a special dog toothbrush (or a child’s one) and dog-safe toothpaste. You can also give dental chews, but they are no substitute for brushing.

Clothing and Protection from the Cold

This isn’t a whim, it’s a necessity. Chinese Cresteds have no body fat layer or fur to keep them warm. They get cold very quickly. In cool weather, they need a jumper or a bodysuit. In winter, a warm winter coat, and sometimes even boots. Even indoors in winter, they can feel the chill, which is why they love to sleep under a blanket or in soft, enclosed beds.

Chinese Cresteds are intelligent and quick-witted. They learn fast and are genuinely eager to please their owner. However, they are also very sensitive, so training methods must be exclusively positive.

• Positive Reinforcement Only: Treats, praise, and games are your main tools. Shouting, lead-jerking, or any harshness will cause the dog to “shut down”, become fearful, and refuse to work.
• Early Socialisation: Due to a natural tendency towards timidity with strangers, socialisation is crucial. From a young age, introduce the puppy to different people, sounds, places, and other calm dogs. This will help raise a confident, not a fearful, dog.
• Activity: This pet easily adapts to limited space. However, they will gladly take the opportunity for a walk. This is not purely a “lap dog”. They are playful, energetic, and love to play with toys. The little one’s energy needs an outlet. Many Cresteds successfully compete in agility or dog dancing.

To feed a Chinese Crested Dog correctly, it’s important to follow a few rules, taking their specific needs into account.

1. Prone to Allergies: Many in the breed have sensitive digestion and a tendency for food allergies (which often show up on the skin). The most common allergens are chicken, wheat, and corn. You may need to find a hypoallergenic food or one with a single protein source (like turkey, lamb, or fish).

2. High Metabolism: Due to their lack of fur, these dogs expend more energy staying warm. Therefore, per kilogram of body weight, they may need slightly more calories than their fluffy counterparts. However, this doesn’t mean they should be overfed. It’s vital to monitor their weight, as they are prone to obesity with a sedentary lifestyle.

3. Type of Food: Both high-quality dry food (super-premium or holistic) for small breeds and a balanced, natural diet are suitable. When choosing dry food, pay attention to the kibble size – it should be small, considering their dental issues.

4. Schedule: It’s best to feed an adult dog twice a day – morning and evening. Don’t leave food down all day. If the dog hasn’t finished its portion in 15-20 minutes, the bowl should be removed until the next meal. Ensure your pet always has free access to clean, fresh water.

The Chinese Crested Dog (Hairless) is a wonderful companion, but it’s not for everyone. It’s important to soberly assess all the advantages and disadvantages of the breed before getting a puppy.

• The Hairless Gene is Lethal: The gene responsible for hairlessness (H) is dominant. But in its homozygous state (HH), it is lethal – embryos with this genetic makeup die in the womb. All living Hairless dogs are heterozygous (Hh). This is precisely why a litter from two Hairless dogs (Hh x Hh) will always produce both Powderpuff (hh) and Hairless (Hh) puppies.
• The “Warmest” Dogs: Due to their lack of fur and fast metabolism, their skin feels significantly hotter to the touch than other dogs’ (although their normal body temperature is the same). For centuries, they were used as living “hot water bottles” to relieve joint pain.
• Winners of “Ugly” Contests: Ironically, representatives of this breed (often mixed-breeds or those with imperfections) are regular winners of the “World’s Ugliest Dog Contest” in California. The most famous of these was a dog named Sam, who won three times.
• Cat-like Habits: “Cresteds” are known for their love of high places. They often climb onto the backs of sofas, armchairs, or windowsills to watch the world go by, much like cats.
• Star Owners: The breed has been a favourite of many celebrities. The most famous enthusiast was Gypsy Rose Lee, who did so much to popularise the breed that for a time they were even called “Gypsy Rose Lee Dogs”.

Are Chinese Crested Dogs truly hypoallergenic?

They are considered one of the best breeds for people with allergies to dog fur. The reason is that the allergy is caused not by the fur itself, but by a protein found in saliva and dander (dead skin cells). A Hairless dog sheds almost nothing and therefore doesn’t spread these allergens around the home. Plus, they are bathed frequently, which further washes allergens from the skin. However, 100% hypoallergenic dogs do not exist, and a reaction to saliva is still possible.

Do they get very cold?

Yes, very. They have no protection against the cold. They start shivering at temperatures that we would just find cool. They need a full wardrobe: light jumpers for cool summer evenings, warmer jumpers for autumn, and full-scale winter coats for frosty weather. Without clothes in the cold season, they can quickly become ill.

Is their skin difficult to care for?

Yes, it’s a daily job. This isn’t a dog you can just feed and walk. Their skin needs almost the same care as a teenager’s face: cleansing, moisturising, managing spots, and sun protection. If you’re not prepared for this, the dog’s skin will look neglected and dermatological problems can arise.

Does the Chinese Crested Dog get along well with children?

They are affectionate but very fragile. Their fine bone structure is easily injured. Therefore, they are recommended for families with older children (from 7-10 years old) who already understand how to handle a small animal gently. For families with toddlers who might accidentally drop or squeeze the dog too hard, this is not the best choice.

How much does a Chinese Crested Dog puppy cost?

The price for a Chinese Crested Dog puppy (both Hairless and Powderpuff) can vary greatly. It depends on the pedigree, the parents’ titles, the breeder’s reputation, and the region. A puppy “for a pet” (pet-quality) might cost anywhere from £1,000 to £2,000, while a puppy with show potential (for exhibitions and breeding) will be significantly more expensive, often over £2,500. It’s important to choose based on health and the conditions the puppies and their parents are kept in, not just on price.