Laekenois (Belgian Shepherd)

The history of the Laekenois breed is closely intertwined with Belgian sheepherding and the Belgian royal family. This variety of Belgian Shepherd was fully established in the late 19th century, although dogs of a similar type existed in the region much earlier. The name “Laekenois” comes from the Royal Château of Laeken, located near Brussels. It was here that these dogs were favorites of Queen Henriette of Belgium, wife of King Leopold II. The Queen highly valued their harsh, tousled coats, which provided excellent protection from the elements while guarding sheep and linen fields being bleached in the sun.

The Laekenois is considered the oldest and rarest of the four Belgian Shepherd types. Initially, these dogs were primarily used as herding and guard dogs. Their vigilance, courage, and stamina made them indispensable helpers for farmers. Thanks to their unique coats, which offered excellent camouflage and protection, Laekenois were particularly popular in the Antwerp and Brussels areas.

In the late 19th century, Professor Adolphe Reul, a veterinarian and one of the founders of the Belgian Canine Club, played a key role in classifying and standardizing Belgian Shepherds. In 1891, the first show was held in Cureghem (Brussels), gathering 117 dogs. It was then that the division into types based on coat structure and color began. The first standard for three varieties (long-haired, short-haired, and rough-haired) was developed in 1892. The Laekenois, as the rough-haired type, was officially recognized as one of the first.

Unfortunately, two World Wars severely damaged the Laekenois population. Dogs were used on the front lines as messengers, medics, and guards, and many perished. After World War II, the breed was on the brink of extinction. Thanks to the efforts of enthusiasts and breeders, the population was gradually restored, but the Laekenois remained the least numerous among the Belgian Shepherds. Even today, this breed is rare outside of Belgium and some European countries. The American Kennel Club (AKC) only recognized the Laekenois in 2020, demonstrating the breed’s long journey to worldwide recognition. Despite its small numbers, the Laekenois is every bit as capable as its “relatives” – the Tervuren, Malinois, or Groenendael, and in some qualities, such as strength of character and protective instincts, it even surpasses them.

The Laekenois is a harmoniously built, well-proportioned, medium-sized dog that combines elegance with strength. Its appearance radiates alertness and readiness for action. The most distinguishing feature of the Laekenois is its coat – harsh, dry, and coarse to the touch, creating an impression of some dishevelment, but without curls.

The head of a Laekenois has clean lines, is dry, medium in length, and proportionate to the body. The forehead is flat, and the stop (transition from forehead to muzzle) is moderate. The muzzle gradually tapers to the nose, which must be black. The lips are thin, tight, with black pigmentation.

Eyes are medium-sized, almond-shaped, preferably dark brown. The gaze is lively, intelligent, and inquisitive. Eyelids are black-rimmed.

Ears are set high, triangular in shape, erect, and stiff. Their size is proportionate to the head. They should not be overly large or drooping.

The body is robust but not heavy. The topline is straight. The withers are pronounced. The back is short, strong, and muscular. The loin is short, broad, and muscular. The croup is slightly sloping. The chest is moderately wide, deep, reaching the level of the elbows. Ribs are well-sprung.

The tail is medium length, set at a medium height. At rest, it hangs down, with the tip slightly curved at the level of the hock. In motion, it rises higher but should not curl or be carried over the back.

Limbs are strong, with well-developed musculature. Forelimbs are straight and parallel. Shoulder blades are long and obliquely set. Shoulders are muscular. Elbows are held close to the body. Hindlimbs are powerful but not heavy, with well-angulated joints. Thighs are broad and muscular. Hocks are set low. Paws are rounded, “cat-like,” with tightly arched toes and firm, dark pads. Nails are strong and dark in color.

The coat is the Laekenois’ hallmark. It should be harsh, coarse, dry, and tousled over the entire body. Coat length is approximately 2.4 inches on most body parts, but shorter on the muzzle (except for the characteristic “mustache” and “beard”), ears, and lower parts of the limbs. A dense undercoat is essential for protection against the elements. The facial hair forms characteristic eyebrows, mustache, and beard, giving the dog a special expression. The coat should not be curly, silky, or excessively long.

Coloration in Laekenois is predominantly fawn or reddish with a characteristic “sooty” overlay (blackening of the hair tips), especially on the muzzle and tail. Small white markings on the chest and toes are permissible but undesirable. The primary color is a warm shade, reminiscent of rye bread. Excessive blackening that makes the dog almost black is a fault.

The Laekenois is a dog with a strong, determined, and resolute character. They are known for their exceptional vigilance, courage, and innate guarding instinct. This makes them excellent protectors for home and family. A Laekenois is always alert, ready to warn of approaching strangers with a loud bark and, if necessary, to defend its loved ones and territory. However, a properly trained Laekenois should not display unwarranted aggression. Its reaction is always appropriate to the situation.

These dogs are extremely devoted to their families and form deep bonds with their owners. They crave human companionship and do not tolerate prolonged loneliness well. A Laekenois needs close contact with people and to be involved in family life. If left alone for too long, they can become bored, leading to destructive behavior or excessive barking. They generally get along well with children, especially if raised together, showing patience and playfulness. However, due to their herding instinct, small children should be taught proper behavior around dogs, and interactions should be supervised by adults.

Laekenois are very intelligent and clever dogs; they learn quickly but can be stubborn and independent. They need a consistent, patient, yet firm and confident owner who can establish clear rules and boundaries. Early socialization and training are critically important for developing a well-balanced and obedient dog. Their energy and intelligence make them excellent candidates for various dog sports such as agility, obedience, protection work. In many ways, their trainability and energy are similar to recognized canine intellectuals like the Border Collie, although a Laekenois can be more independent in decision-making.

Regarding other animals, a Laekenois can cohabitate if properly socialized from an early age. However, their strong prey drive can be a problem for small household pets like cats or rodents if the dog isn’t taught appropriate behavior. Towards unfamiliar dogs, the Laekenois may be suspicious or dominant, so it’s important to control their interactions.

It’s important to remember that the Laekenois, like other Belgian Shepherds, is a high-energy breed. They require regular and intensive physical exercise, as well as mental stimulation. Long walks, running, games, and training will help keep them in good shape and prevent behavioral problems. This is not a dog that will be satisfied with short leash walks. They need space to move and an opportunity to expend their energy.

The Laekenois is generally considered a healthy and robust breed with an average lifespan of 10-14 years. Previously circulated information about an abnormally short lifespan (2-4 years) is inaccurate and does not apply to the breed as a whole. Like many other breeds, especially herding dogs, the Laekenois can be prone to certain genetic diseases. Responsible breeders test their breeding dogs to minimize the risk of passing these conditions to their offspring.

The most common health issues that can affect Laekenois include:

• Hip and Elbow Dysplasia: This is a common condition in medium to large dog breeds, characterized by abnormal joint development, which can lead to arthritis and lameness. It’s important to choose a puppy from parents who have undergone appropriate screenings and have good results.
• Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA): This is a group of genetic eye diseases that lead to the gradual degeneration of the retina and, eventually, blindness. Genetic tests are available to identify carriers of this disease.
• Cataracts: Clouding of the eye lens, which can impair vision. Can be hereditary or develop with age.
• Epilepsy: A neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. Causes can vary, including genetic predisposition. Treated with medication.
• Skin Problems and Allergies: The Laekenois’ harsh coat requires proper care to avoid irritation. Some dogs may be prone to allergies (food or contact), manifesting as itching, rashes, or skin inflammation.
• Hypothyroidism: Underactive thyroid gland, which can lead to weight gain, lethargy, and skin/coat problems. Diagnosed with blood tests and treated with hormone therapy.
• Bloat (Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus – GDV): A life-threatening condition common in deep-chested dogs. It’s crucial not to feed the dog immediately before or after intense physical activity and to divide the daily food ration into several meals.

Preventive measures to maintain Laekenois health include:

• Regular veterinary check-ups (at least once a year).
• Timely vaccinations and parasite control.
• Balanced nutrition with high-quality food.
• Sufficient physical activity and mental stimulation.
• Proper care of the coat, teeth, and ears.
• Careful observation for any changes in the dog’s behavior or physical condition.

Caring for a Laekenois has its specificities, mainly related to its unique coat and high energy level. Providing proper living conditions and regular hygienic procedures is key to your pet’s health and happiness.

Laekenois Coat Care

The Laekenois’ harsh, coarse, and tousled coat does not require frequent bathing or complex grooming like some other breeds. On the contrary, excessive bathing can strip the skin’s natural oils and make the coat softer, which is undesirable according to the breed standard. Bathing the dog is recommended only when absolutely necessary, using special shampoos for harsh coats.

Basic coat care involves regular brushing (1-2 times a week) with a wire brush with widely spaced metal pins or a special comb for harsh coats. This helps remove dead hair, dirt, and prevents matting. Special attention should be paid to areas with denser fur, such as the neck and thighs.

Twice a year, the Laekenois requires hand-stripping (manual plucking of dead hair). This procedure is best left to a professional groomer familiar with the breed’s characteristics, or you can learn to do it yourself. Proper hand-stripping helps maintain the correct coat texture and appearance. Machine clipping is not recommended as it can ruin the coat’s structure, making it soft and dull.

General Hygiene

• Ears: Regularly inspect the ears for dirt, redness, or unpleasant odor. Clean ears as needed with a special ear cleaning solution and cotton pads. Healthy dogs typically have clean ears.
• Eyes: Periodically check the eyes. Small discharges in the corners of the eyes can be gently removed with a clean, damp cloth or wipe. If discharges are abundant, yellowish or greenish, or if the eyes are red, consult a veterinarian. Wiping with chamomile tea may be helpful for minor irritations but does not replace a vet visit for serious symptoms.
• Teeth: To prevent plaque and tartar buildup, it is recommended to regularly brush your Laekenois’ teeth with a special dog toothbrush and toothpaste. Special dental chews and toys will also be beneficial.
• Nails: Trim nails as they grow, usually every 3-4 weeks. If the dog moves a lot on hard surfaces, nails may wear down naturally. Use appropriate-sized dog nail clippers.

Living Conditions and Activity

The Laekenois is a very active and energetic breed that requires significant physical exercise. They are best suited for living in a private home with a large, securely fenced yard where they can run and play freely. Apartment living is possible, but only if daily long and intense walks (at least 2-3 hours a day) are provided, including running, active games, and training. If a Laekenois does not receive enough physical and mental stimulation, it can become restless, destructive, or excessively vocal.

These dogs do not tolerate heat well due to their dense coats, so in summer, it’s essential to provide them with access to shade and fresh water, and to schedule physical activity for early morning or evening hours. At the same time, their coat provides good protection against cold and moisture, so they can be comfortable outdoors even in cool weather, provided they have an insulated dog house or kennel.

Remember that a Laekenois puppy left unsupervised in an apartment or house can cause considerable damage due to its curiosity and energy. Provide it with safe toys and gradually accustom it to being left alone for short periods.

Laekenois are highly intelligent dogs with excellent learning abilities. However, their strong character, independence, and innate stubbornness require a special approach to training. Success in raising a Laekenois depends on the owner’s patience, consistency, and ability to establish themselves as a fair but unwavering leader.

Early socialization is critically important for a Laekenois. From a very young age, a puppy needs to be introduced to various people, sounds, places, and other animals. This will help it grow into a confident, well-balanced, and well-adapted dog that will not show excessive suspicion or aggression towards strangers or in new situations. Attending puppy classes will be very beneficial.

Laekenois training should be based on positive reinforcement methods: praise, treats, toys. Harshness, physical punishment, or yelling are not only ineffective but can also undermine the dog’s trust and provoke a defensive reaction. Laekenois respond well to fair and consistent training. They quickly understand what is expected of them but may “test” their owner’s resolve, trying to set their own rules. It’s important to be persistent and not give in.

A key aspect of training is establishing contact and mutual understanding with the dog. The Laekenois must respect its owner and see them as the “pack leader.” This is achieved not through force, but through confident behavior, clear commands, and fair treatment. Training sessions should be short, engaging, and varied to keep the dog from getting bored. Laekenois excel in various canine sports such as obedience, agility, frisbee, search and rescue, and protection trials. This not only provides them with the necessary physical and mental exercise but also strengthens the bond with their owner.

Given their strong guarding instinct, it’s important to teach a Laekenois to control its reaction to strangers and bark only when necessary. Aggressive behavior should not be encouraged. A properly trained Laekenois will be a reliable protector, but not dangerous to others. Remember that raising a Laekenois is a long process that requires time, effort, and love. However, the result – a loyal, intelligent, and devoted friend – is worth all the effort.

Proper nutrition is one of the most important aspects of Laekenois care, directly influencing its health, energy, and longevity. As an active working dog, the Laekenois requires a balanced diet with sufficient protein, fat, and carbohydrates, as well as vitamins and minerals.

There are two main approaches to feeding a Laekenois: commercial dry kibble and a raw/natural diet. Each has its advantages and disadvantages.

Commercial Dry Kibble for Laekenois

If you choose dry kibble, prioritize premium, super-premium, or holistic class foods. Such foods are made with high-quality ingredients, have a balanced composition, and do not contain harmful additives, dyes, or preservatives. Choose food designed for active, medium-sized dogs, taking into account their age (puppy, adult, senior) and activity level.

Advantages of dry kibble:

• Balanced composition developed by experts.
• Convenience in use and storage.
• Helps clean teeth from plaque.

When feeding dry kibble, it’s important to ensure your dog has constant access to fresh drinking water, as kibble contains little moisture. Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for daily feeding amounts, but adjust them based on your dog’s individual needs.

Raw/Natural Diet for Laekenois

A natural diet involves feeding the dog fresh, unprocessed or minimally processed foods. Such a diet can be very beneficial but requires the owner to dedicate more time, knowledge, and responsibility to ensure its balance.

The basis of a natural Laekenois diet should include:

• Meat and organ meats (about 50-70% of the diet): lean beef, veal, turkey, chicken (boneless), lamb. Organ meats (heart, liver, tripe, lungs) can be given 1-2 times a week. Meat is best given raw (previously frozen) or lightly cooked.
• Seafood (1-2 times a week, instead of meat): cooked, boneless.
• Grains (about 10-20%): rice, buckwheat, oatmeal (use caution, may cause allergies). Cook porridges with water or lean broth.
• Vegetables (about 10-20%): carrots, pumpkin, zucchini, broccoli, cauliflower. Can be given raw (grated) or lightly cooked.
• Fermented dairy products (low-fat kefir, plain yogurt, cottage cheese): give periodically as a source of calcium and beneficial bacteria.
• Eggs (1-2 times a week): cooked or raw yolk.
• Vegetable oil (flaxseed, olive): 1 teaspoon per day to improve coat condition.

Prohibited foods for Laekenois:

• Chocolate and cocoa (toxic).
• Onions and garlic (in large quantities).
• Grapes and raisins (can cause kidney failure).
• Cooked bones (can damage the gastrointestinal tract).
• Fatty, fried, smoked, salty, sweet foods.
• Legumes, potatoes (poorly digested).
• Fresh milk (can cause digestive upset in adult dogs).

Regardless of the chosen feeding type, feed an adult Laekenois 2 times a day; puppies should be fed more often (3-5 times). Do not overfeed your dog to avoid obesity. Ensure constant access to fresh water. If you have any doubts about the diet, consult a veterinarian or an experienced canine nutritionist.

Before getting a Laekenois, it’s important to weigh all the pros and cons to understand if this breed is right for you and your lifestyle. These are wonderful dogs, but they require specific living conditions, training, and attention.

• Royal Favorites: The Laekenois were the favorite breed of Belgian Queen Henriette Marie in the late 19th century, which is how the breed got its name from the Royal Château of Laeken.
• The Rarest “Belgian”: Of the four Belgian Shepherd varieties (Groenendael, Malinois, Tervuren, and Laekenois), the Laekenois is the least numerous and rarest in the world.
• “Wiry” Coat for Protection: Their characteristic harsh, tousled coat not only gives them a unique look but also excellently protected them from the elements and predator bites during herding duties. It also served as camouflage.
• War Heroes: Like other Belgian Shepherds, Laekenois were used during World War I and II as messengers, medical dogs, and guards, demonstrating their courage and loyalty.
• Flax Field Shepherds: Historically, Laekenois were used not only for herding sheep but also for guarding flax fields that were bleached in the sun – their coats helped them blend into the terrain.
• Last AKC Recognized: The American Kennel Club (AKC) officially recognized the Laekenois breed only in July 2020, making it the 196th recognized breed. Other Belgian Shepherds were recognized much earlier.
• Natural Look: The breed standard emphasizes the natural, somewhat “untidy” appearance of the Laekenois coat. Excessive grooming that alters the coat’s texture is not favored in dog shows.

Is the Laekenois suitable for apartment living?

A Laekenois can live in an apartment, but only if a very high level of physical activity is provided (long walks, running, games, training – at least 2-3 hours a day) and sufficient mental stimulation. Without this, the dog will get bored, which can lead to destructive behavior. The ideal option for a Laekenois is a private house with a large, securely fenced yard.

Do Laekenois shed a lot?

Laekenois shed moderately throughout the year. The main shedding occurs twice a year (spring and autumn), during which they shed their undercoat. Regular brushing and periodic hand-stripping help control shedding and maintain the coat in good condition. They are not a hypoallergenic breed.

Do Laekenois get along well with children and other animals?

With proper socialization from an early age, Laekenois can get along well with children, especially if raised together. They can be patient and playful. However, due to their size and energy, interactions with small children should always be supervised. They can cohabitate with other dogs and cats if properly introduced and socialized. Nevertheless, their strong herding and hunting instincts can pose a threat to small household pets (rodents, birds).

Are Laekenois easy to train?

Laekenois are very intelligent and capable of learning, but they can also be independent and stubborn. They need a consistent, patient, yet firm owner who uses positive reinforcement methods. Early socialization and starting training from puppyhood are key. They respond well to fair treatment and clear rules. They are not the best choice for a novice dog owner.

How much does a Laekenois puppy cost?

The Laekenois is a rare breed, so the cost of a puppy can be quite high. Prices typically range from $1,500 to $3,500, but can be higher depending on the lineage, parents’ titles, breeder’s reputation, and region. It’s important to choose a puppy from a responsible breeder who cares about the health and temperament of their dogs, conducts necessary genetic tests, and provides all documentation.

What kind of coat does a Laekenois have compared to other Belgian Shepherds?

The Laekenois has a harsh, “wiry” coat that is coarse to the touch and appears tousled. This distinguishes them from the other three types of Belgian Shepherds: Groenendael (long black coat), Tervuren (long fawn or gray coat with a black mask and overlay), and Malinois (short fawn coat with a black mask).